Scanning electron microscopy of developing photoreceptors in the chick retina

Olson, Mark D.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091930308

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this re port we investigated the development of the RPE apical portion during the late stages of retinal development. Chick embryo develops the outer segments between the 15th and 19th days in ovo [1]. During these stages, apical processes elongated themselves and their actin content increased markedly, as has been reported [10].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphological Observations of the Apical Surface of Chick Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Morioka

Hirosawa²

1989

Ophthalmic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chick embryonic retina was examined in order to investigate morphological changes of the apical portion of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Whole retina and RPE sheets were observed by fluorescence microscopy (rhodamine-phalloidin preparation) and transmission electron microscopy. Photoreceptor cells had no inner and outer segments on the 8th day in ovo. The inner segments have been formed on the 15th day and the outer segments on the 19th day. RPE sheets had short and blunt apical processes on the 8th day, elongated and slender ones on the 15th day, and well-developed and melanin-containing processes on the 19th day. RPE of the 19th day had numerous bundles of actin filaments associated with melanin pigments in the basal portion of the apical processes and in the apical cytoplasm. In rhodamine-phalloidin preparations, intense fluorescence was localized in the RPE apical processes and cytoplasm on the 19th day. We concluded that RPE apical processes develop in accordance with the photoreceptor development.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Morphological studies on retinal devel opment have mainly been focused on the neural retinas [1][2][3][4][5][6]. There have been a few reports [7][8][9] about RPE differentiation: RPE apical processes develop themselves to wrap the outer segments of photoreceptors, and they maintain the activities of photore ceptors thereafter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Observations of the Apical Surface of Chick Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Morioka

Hirosawa²

1989

Ophthalmic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SEM studies on developing photoreceptors have been carried out only in the chick (Meller and Tetzlaff, 1976;Olson, 1979) and rat (Galbavy and Olson, 1979). The chick has a cone-dominated retina and the rat possesses a rod-rich retina; the present study describes development of both rods and cones in a duplex retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Olson (1979) and Galbavy and Olson (1979) emphasised the usefulness of SEM in delineating the surface topography of differentiating photoreceptors. Hollenberg and Spira (1973) studied human retinal development with TEM and described morphogenesis of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium up to 18 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Photoreceptor morphogenesis in the human retina: A scanning electron microscopic study

Narayanan

Wadhwa

1998

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are a number of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies on retinal photoreceptors of vertebrates. However, most of these are concerned with the adult retina, and only a very few deal with developing photoreceptors. In man, SEM studies have not been carried out on photoreceptor morphogenesis during fetal or postnatal stages. Hence, the present study was undertaken to examine the sequential morphological changes in developing photoreceptors during different gestational ages in the human retina. Retinas of human fetuses of gestational ages of 10-25 weeks and from autopsy of a 5-month-old infant were processed for SEM. The observations show some new information on the morphogenesis of photoreceptors. At 10-11 weeks, the outer and inner neuroblastic zones are well developed and separated from each other by the layer of Chievitz. By 15-16 weeks, the photoreceptor precursors appear as spherical inner segments on the scleral surface of the outer neuroblastic zone. Cilia develop as small protrusions from the apical ends of the inner segments. Photoreceptor inner segments become arranged in mosaic pattern by 18-19 weeks. In the mosaic, large cone inner segments (putative blue cones) stand out prominently from the remaining small cone inner segments (prospective red/ green cones). The rod inner segments are identifiable and show cilia. Between 19-20 and 24-25 weeks, the cone inner segments elongate and change in shape from spherical to oval. At 24-25 weeks, the outer segments develop from the distal ends of rod cilia. At this period, the inner segments of rods and cones are interconnected by protoplasmic projections. Although the precursors of both rods and cones appear to be in a similar state of development at 14-15 weeks gestation, the rods undergo morphological maturation earlier than do the cones. Photoreceptor development in the anterior retina lags behind that of the posterior retina by about 10 weeks. At 5 months after birth, the posterior retina possesses fully developed photoreceptors that are comparable to those of the adult. However, the photoreceptors in the ora serrata resemble those in the posterior retina of 24-25 weeks gestation. Anat. Rec. 252:133-139, 1998. 1998 Key words: human retina; morphogenesis; photoreceptors; scanning electron microscopy Morphogenesis of retinal photoreceptors in man and other vertebrates has long been a subject of interest to neuroanatomists. Our knowledge about the development of the human retina and the differentiation of photoreceptors is mainly through light microscopic observations

show abstract

Retinoid X receptor ? gene transcripts are expressed by a subset of early generated retinal cells and eventually restricted to photoreceptors

Hoover

Seleiro²,

Kielland

et al. 1998

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have examined the distribution of the retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRgamma) in the developing chicken retina by using in situ hybridization and RNase protection assays. We detected RXRgamma transcripts as early as 4 days of embryonic development (d4) in central regions of the retina, spreading to more peripheral regions by d8. The first few RXRgamma-positive cells were scattered within the depth of the retinal neuroepithelium, but as they increased in number they became localized predominantly to the apical (outer, ventricular) layer. The identity of the RXRgamma-positive cells at these stages is unknown, due to the lack of cell type-specific markers. By d10, when photoreceptors and ganglion cells have been generated and begun to establish their definitive layers, RXRgamma-positive cells were virtually restricted to the photoreceptor layer, and maintained this distribution to posthatch stages. RNase protection assays were performed on whole retinae to verify the temporal pattern of in situ hybridization results and showed that between d5 and d16 there was a significant increase in the mRNA levels of the RXRgamma2 isoform. Between d16 and early posthatch stages the level of RXRgamma2 mRNA did not change significantly. Consistent with previous studies, mRNA levels of the RXRgamma1 isoform were substantially lower than mRNA levels of the RXRgamma2 isoform at all time points examined. These results demonstrate that RXRgamma mRNA is expressed in photoreceptors in the developing chicken retina and implicate RXRgamma as the earliest marker of photoreceptor differentiation documented to date.

show abstract

Scanning electron microscopy of developing photoreceptors in the chick retina

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Morphological Observations of the Apical Surface of Chick Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Morphological Observations of the Apical Surface of Chick Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Photoreceptor morphogenesis in the human retina: A scanning electron microscopic study

Retinoid X receptor ? gene transcripts are expressed by a subset of early generated retinal cells and eventually restricted to photoreceptors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About