Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations of the Arachnoid Granulations in Monkeys with Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypotension.

Shigemori, Minoru; Inokuchi, Tetsuo; Miyajima, Satoshi; Maehara, Toshinori; Wakimoto, Mitsugu; Matsuo, Hitoshi

doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.40.201

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The endothelial vacuolations seen in the Schlemm's canal and arachnoid granulation (Fig. 2) [11,22], may be related to the bulk flow of large amount of humors. Thus, these specialized endothelial cells may be expected to provide some regionally specific function, different from usual endothelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies were focused on the mechanisms of CSF drainage across the sinus endothelial covering. Ultrastructual features of the cells covering the apical regions of arachnoid granulations are known to be quite different from those of endothelial cells located at the surface of the ordinary inner wall of sinuses: The superficial covering cells of the apex of arachnoid granulations have many giant intracellular vacuoles which are thought to provide a channel for bulk flow of the CSF from the subarachnoid space into the cranial sinus lumen [10,11 ]. Although many detailed observations of ultrastructural characteristics of the covering cells have been reported, the histochemical features of these cells has remained largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

et al. 2002

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Summary: Arachnoid granulation is a protrusion of the arachnoid membrane into the cranial sinus, and is thought to play an essential role in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. Because the cells covering the apex region of the arachnoid granulation have different morphological features compared to the ordinary endothelial cells lining of the cranial sinus lumen, it has been expected these covering endothelial cells perform some specific function in the CSF absorption mechanism. However, little is known about functional differences between the covering endothelium of the arachnoid granulation and the ordinary sinus endothelium. In the present study, the characteristics of the covering cells located at the apex of arachnoid granulations of human, monkey and dog brain were examined by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The endothelial cells lining the cranial sinus lumen generally expressed such proteins as von Willebrand factor (vWF), CD31 and glycoproteins containing GS-1 or LE-1 lectin reacting sugar residue which are endothelial cell markers. However, the endothelial cells specifically located at the apex of arachnoid granulations failed to show vWF immunoreactivity, whereas the other endothelial markers were positive in each species we examined. Double staining of vWF antibody with other markers has clearly demonstrated that the endothelial cells on the apex region of arachnoid granulations exhibit no expression of vWF whereas cells lining the lateral region of arachnoid granulations and the luminal surface of ordinary cranial sinuses showed co-localization of these markers. The structural and histochemical differences between endothelial cells located at the apex region of arachnoid granulations and those of the sinus wall may reflect functional differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

et al. 2002

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“…Many studies focused on the histological characteristics of AGs. AGs were made of four distinct components: a central core, a cap cell cluster, an arachnoid cell layer, and a fibrous capsule ( 22 ). The arachnoid cell layer that encircled the central core was mostly covered by a thin fibrous capsule with an endothelial investment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Study of Arachnoid Granulation in Superior Sagittal Sinus Correlated to Growth Patterns of Meningiomas

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Meningiomas in the parasagittal region were formed by arachnoidal cells disseminated among arachnoid granulations. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphology of chordae willisii, and AGs found in the superior sagittal sinus. This study used 20 anatomical specimens. Rigid endoscopes were introduced via torcula herophili into the sinus lumen. The morphological features of arachnoid granulation and chordae willisii were analyzed, and then arachnoid granulations and chordae willisii were assessed by elastic fiber stains, Masson’s stains, and imaging analysis. Three types of arachnoid granulations were present in the examined sinuses. There were 365 counts of arachnoid granulations in examined sinuses by imaging analysis, averaging 1.36 ± 2.58 per sinus. Types I, II, and III made up 20.27, 45.20, and 34.52% of 268 patients, respectively. Microscopy of chordae willisii transverse sections indicated the existence of a single layer and a multiple-layered dura sinus wall. The dural sinus wall was the thickest one in the superior sagittal sinus. The thickness of longitudinal lamellae was significantly greater than trabeculae. This study reveals the anatomical differences between arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus. The arachnoid granulations classification enables surgeons to predict preoperatively growth patterns, followed by safely achieving the optimal range of parasagittal meningioma resection.

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“…Arachnoid granulations have been found to respond to changes in CSF pressure. In an experimental study using monkeys, Takahashi et al (22) found that arachnoid granulations tend to decrease in size with an induced state of CSF hypotension, while normalizing the pressure tends to return them to their normal size. Arachnoid granulations have also been described as safety balloons, preventing compression of brain tissue during abrupt increases in intracranial pressure (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Method for Estimation of Volume Changes in Arachnoid Foveae with Age

Duray

Martel

2006

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Age-related changes of arachnoid foveae have been described, but objective, quantitative analyses are lacking. A new quantitative method is presented for estimation of change in total volume of arachnoid foveae with age. The pilot sample consisted of nine skulls from the Palmer Anatomy Laboratory. Arachnoid foveae were filled with sand, which was extracted using a vacuum pump. Mass was determined with an analytical balance and converted to volume. A reliability analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficients. The method was found to be highly reliable (intraobserver ICC = 0.9935, interobserver ICC = 0.9878). The relationship between total volume and age was then examined in a sample of 63 males of accurately known age from the Hamann-Todd collection. Linear regression analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between total volume and age, or foveae frequency and age (alpha = 0.05). Development of arachnoid foveae may be influenced by health factors, which could limit its usefulness in aging.

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations of the Arachnoid Granulations in Monkeys with Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypotension.

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

Regional Diminution of von Willebrand Factor Expression on the Endothelial Covering Arachnoid Granulations of Human, Monkey and Dog Brain.

Anatomical Study of Arachnoid Granulation in Superior Sagittal Sinus Correlated to Growth Patterns of Meningiomas

A Quantitative Method for Estimation of Volume Changes in Arachnoid Foveae with Age

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