Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of the Morphological Change in Ventral Organ of Rice Embryo during Embryogenesis and Germination.

Suzuki, Katsumi; Taniguchi, Takeshi; Maeda, Eizo

doi:10.1626/jcs.60.407

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The coleorhiza tip protrusion and inner husk tissue also remain in contact in dormant barley (Barrero et al. , 2009), and may be a remnant of the nucellus at the micropylar end of the grain (Narayanaswami, 1956; Norstog, 1974; Suzuki et al. , 1991; reviewed in Sabelli & Larkins, 2009; cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further distinct feature of Brachypodium is the coleorhiza protrusion linking this tissue to the inner husk, which is superficially similar to structures protruding at the micropylar end of the germinating seed in pine (Tillman-Sutela & Kauppi, 2000). The coleorhiza tip protrusion and inner husk tissue also remain in contact in dormant barley (Barrero et al, 2009), and may be a remnant of the nucellus at the micropylar end of the grain (Narayanaswami, 1956;Norstog, 1974;Suzuki et al, 1991;reviewed in Sabelli & Larkins, 2009;cf. suspensor in pine embryos, Tillman-Sutela & Kauppi, 2000).…”

Section: Coleorhiza and Embryo Anatomy And Behaviour During Germinationmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2011

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Summary• Lack of grain dormancy in cereal crops such as barley and wheat is a common problem affecting farming areas around the world, causing losses in yield and quality because of preharvest sprouting. Control of seed or grain dormancy has been investigated extensively using various approaches in different species, including Arabidopsis and cereals. However, the use of a monocot model plant such as Brachypodium distachyon presents opportunities for the discovery of new genes related to grain dormancy that are not present in modern commercial crops.• In this work we present an anatomical description of the Brachypodium caryopsis, and we describe the dormancy behaviour of six common diploid Brachypodium inbred genotypes. We also study the effect of light quality (blue, red and far-red) on germination, and analyse changes in abscisic acid levels and gene expression between a dormant and a non-dormant Brachypodium genotype.• Our results indicate that different genotypes display high natural variability in grain dormancy and that the characteristics of dormancy and germination are similar to those found in other cereals.• We propose that Brachypodium is an ideal model for studies of grain dormancy in grasses and can be used to identify new strategies for increasing grain dormancy in crop species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coleorhiza and Embryo Anatomy And Behaviour During Germinationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2011

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“…The coleorhiza is thought to protect the seminal root as it emerges from the kernel after imbibition commences (Suzuki et al 1991). In addition, long coleorhiza hairs produced from the outer epidermal cells anchor seeds in the soil (Morita et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of α-expansin genes in young seedlings of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Huang

Takano

Akita

2000

Planta

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Rice is the only cereal in which germination and coleoptile elongation occur in hypoxia or anoxia. Little is known of the molecular basis directly underlying coleoptile cell extension. In this paper, we describe the expression of alpha-expansin genes in embryos during seed development and young seedlings grown under various oxygen concentrations. The genes Os-EXP2 and Os-EXP1 were predominantly expressed in the developing seeds, mainly in newly developed leaves, coleoptiles, and seminal roots. These expansins expressed in the developing seeds may give cells the potential to expand after seed imbibition begins. In coleoptiles, Os-EXP4 and Os-EXP2 mRNAs were greatly induced by submergence, while they were weakly detected in aerobic or anoxic conditions. Under submerged soil conditions, the signals hybridized with probes Os-EXP4 and Os-EXP2 in coleoptiles were strongest when coleoptiles elongated in the water layer. These data show that expansin gene expression is highly correlated with coleoptile elongation in response to oxygen concentrations. The Os-EXP4 gene was also expressed in leaves, mesocotyls, and coleorhizas of young seedlings. The growth of these tissues was also correlated with the presence of expansins. Therefore, the evidence derived from this study clearly demonstrates that expansins are indispensable for the growing tissues of rice seedlings.

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“…Xu et al , 1989) along the ventral junction of the caryopsis coat (i.e. the fused seed coat/pericarp) covering the embryo (Suzuki et al , 1991; Fig. 1A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the embryo collar swells further, the two split-halves of the caryopsis coat fully open and rhizoids very quickly develop on each part of the collar, namely the lateral scales, the epiblast and the coleorhiza (Figure 1G, H; see also the supplementary video). However, if the seeds are submerged in water, no epidermal hairs would develop (Xu et al , 1983; Suzuki et al , 1991). Thereafter, the shoot, or acrospire (the coleoptile with the plumule it envelops), begins to grow out of the Y-shaped gap and of the ventral slit of the caryopsis coat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous germination of dormant dehulled red rice seeds provides a new perspective to study the transition from dormancy to germination and to unravel the role of the caryopsis coat in seed dormancy

Gianinetti¹

2016

Seed Sci. Res.

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Seed dormancy is the temporary inability of an imbibed seed to germinate under otherwise favourable conditions. It is an important trait for seed persistence in many higher plants. Dormant dehulled red rice caryopses can have a strong dormancy: the studied population shows an almost complete dormancy; that is, these caryopses do not germinate (usually germination is <1–2%) when incubated in water for the time usually adopted for germination tests (i.e. 2 weeks). However, after several months of incubation in water, dormant red rice caryopses start germinating in an anomalous manner. Most notably, the piercing of the caryopsis coat is very slow, sometimes arrested, until the coat completely breaks down and embryo growth is resumed. There is, therefore, a time lag between the initial rupture of the caryopsis coat and the start of seedling growth. It is argued that embryo growth can be triggered by the failure of the caryopsis coat even if seed dormancy has not been previously relieved, and thus germination is started and dormancy is forcefully interrupted. Accordingly, the time course of the anomalous germination shows a Gompertz distribution of times to failure. It is concluded that: (1) if the seed rests with the coat ruptured without further growth, it is still dormant; if so, therefore, (2) the breaking of the coat is not necessarily a marker of germination in this context.

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Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of the Morphological Change in Ventral Organ of Rice Embryo during Embryogenesis and Germination.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

Grain dormancy and light quality effects on germination in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon

Expression of α-expansin genes in young seedlings of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Anomalous germination of dormant dehulled red rice seeds provides a new perspective to study the transition from dormancy to germination and to unravel the role of the caryopsis coat in seed dormancy

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