Scanning electrochemical microscopy - a new technique for the characterization and modification of surfaces

Abstract

In 1958 he joined the faculty of The University of Texas at Austin, where he currently holds the Norman Hackerman Regents Chair in Chemistry. Guy Denuault received his DUT from The University of Reims, his MST from the University of Bordeaux, and his Ph.D. from the University of Southampton. His research has focused on the use of ultramicroelectrodes. Chongmok Lee received his B.S. from Seoul National Univeristy in 1981 and his M.S. from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology In 1983. His doctoral research has focused on the use of SECM and ellipsometry In electroanalytical chemistry. Daniel Mandler received his B.Sc. in 1983 and his Ph.D. In 1988 from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His doctoral research was in the area of artificial models for photosynthesis. David 0. Wipf received his B.S. from the University of South Dakota in 1984. He received his Ph.D. In 1989 from Indiana University, where he worked on developing high-speed cyclic voltammetry at ultramlcroelectrodes. Guy Denuault, Daniel Mandler, and David 0. Wipf are postdoctoral fellows, and Chongmok Lee Is a doctoral candidate, currently working with Professor Bard at The University of Texas.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy: beyond the solid/liquid interface

“…(i) mapping topography [3]; (ii) for modi®cation purposes [10] and (iii) in the investigation of electrochemical dynamics. The latter topic encompasses reactivity imaging of electrodes [11], heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics [12±14], redox processes at semiconductors [15,16], coupled solution reaction kinetics [17], and processes in polymer modi®ed electrodes [18,19].…”

Shape-selective transport through rectangle-based molecular materials: Thin-film scanning electrochemical microscopy studies

“…Based on well-established current-distance ''approach curves'' and associated theory (23,(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36), the controlled attenuation serves to position the tip electrode at a well-defined and highly reproducible distance above the platform. With the distance fixed, the SECM electrode potentials were switched to positive feedback mode, and the tip current was recorded.…”

“…By using redox-active probe molecules (see Table 1) and conventional voltammetric measurement techniques, we now find that the rectangle-based materials display both size-and shape-selective transport behavior when placed in contact with an aqueous solution environment. Quantitative and semiquantitative measures of molecular transport have been obtained via rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry (22) and via scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), respectively (23). The RDE technique yields area-averaged transport rate measurements.…”

Multidimensional electrochemical imaging in materials science

“…Since the first SECM experiments by Engstrom et al [46] and Bard et al [6] in 1986, the number of groups using this technique has increased steadily. Several comprehensive reviews [44,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], books [45,59], and book chapters [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] are available about this technique; the reader is referred to these for detailed information about instrumental set-up, concept, measurement modes, and data interpretation. Besides approaches combining SECM with other scanning probe techniques, for example EC-STM [68][69][70][71] and AFM [72][73][74][75][76][77], the work of Schuhmann et al [78,79] popularized the use of a shear-force-based distance-control mechanism in the SECM community.…”