Scan to Hbim for Complex Reflective Metal Artefacts. 3d Digitisation and Restoration

Abstract

Abstract. 3D digitisation of metal artefacts, regardless of the use of passive and active sensors and low or high costs technologies (digital photogrammetry, laser scanning, structured light 3D scanning) represents a challenge above all due to the high reflectivity, absorptivity and scattering of the materials, as documented by the specialistic literature (Frost et al., 2020, Hallot et al., 2019, Nicolae et al., 2014). Regardless of the size and material, mobility and immobility of the elements, artworks preservation and restoration involve intervention and collaboration between different specialists, such as restorers, conservators, diagnosts, architects, surveyors, modelers, archaeologists and art historians. This multidisciplinary process requires a virtual container aimed at systematisation and sharing of digital products and data deriving from heterogeneous diagnostic and applicative activities (Farella et al. 2022, Ferretti et al. 2022, Fiamma 2019). According to these premises, this paper shows a low-cost Scan to HBIM process aimed at digitisation of a complex reflective metal artefact, an altar frontal composed of several pieces characterized by different metal materials, functions, sizes and topological complexity (level of decorative detail). Therefore, this system is approached considering its individual components and its morphological-compositional complexity as a unique piece. The entire process has been tested both in research and didactic field, using low-cost tools for acquisition (cameras, smartphones, computers) and software open source for processing, filtering, editing and sculpting digital photogrammetric copies of highly reflective artefacts.

Analysis of the Current Status of Sensors and HBIM Integration: A Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis

“…In WoS, strong connections were found between "HBIM" and technologies used in the HBIM or Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology, such as "Photogrammetry", "Geographic Information System (GIS)", "Digital Twin", "3D Laser Scanner", "Terrestrial Laser Scanning", "3D Modeling", "Scan-to-BIM", "3D Reconstruction", and "Data Fusion". These connections were to be expected, as they are involved in the possible HBIM methodologies for survey and 3D modeling of heritage buildings [11,32,[39][40][41][42][43], except for the "Geographic Information System (GIS)", which refers to the development of new methodologies for data collection and management of heritage buildings at the territorial scale [44][45][46].…”

An image fusion-based method for recovering the 3D shape of roll surface defects

“…For 3D reconstruction of small targets such as roll surface defects, traditional 3D reconstruction techniques such as laser scanning, structured light, and radar are generally used, and they have in common the projection of light from a specific light source onto the target object and the acquisition of reflected light information or shadow information for 3D reconstruction [9,10].…”