Scalp Metastasis from Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava Sign as the First Clinical Sign: A Case Report

Abstract

The presentation of scalp metastases from leiomyosarcoma of the vena cava is an extremely infrequent event. There are no other publications that describe such finding and very few of leiomyosarcoma in vessels. About this event we have reviewed the English literature describing studies on scalp metastases and skin metastases in general: their incidence, origin, clinical appearance, meaning, and diagnosis. The case we describe would be the second one presented worldwide because, as far as we know, it has been only one more published in 2005.

Primary Leiomyosarcoma in the Inferior Vena Cava Extended to the Right Atrium: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…We also performed a PubMed literature search of the past 10 years by entering the search terms ‘leiomyosarcoma’ and ‘inferior vena cava’ [3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, …”

Cutaneous scalp metastases from retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: a case report

“…1 Cutaneous metastases usually signify advanced disease with a poor prognosis. 4 Survival from time of diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis averages from 3 to 12 months, with a graver prognosis with multiple vs. single skin metastases. 1 Typically cutaneous metastases are diagnosed a period of time after the initial diagnosis of a primary malignancy; however, on occasion detection is made simultaneously or before the diagnosis of a primary.…”

“…1 Typically cutaneous metastases are diagnosed a period of time after the initial diagnosis of a primary malignancy; however, on occasion detection is made simultaneously or before the diagnosis of a primary. 4 An appropriate level of suspicion should be maintained while evaluating cutaneous lesions, as cutaneous metastases may manifest in a variety of ways, including ulcerations, cellulitis-like lesions, bullae or fibrotic processes, and most typically as painless firm nodules under an intact and normalappearing epidermis. 1,2 As such lesions may be benign-appearing and even asymptomatic, patients and physicians may delay appropriate care.…”

“…8 Leiomyosarcoma typically metastasizes through hematogenous spread, and the most common sites of metastasis are the lung, kidney and liver. 1,2,4 Even though leiomyosarcoma is prone to metastasize, cutaneous metastases are extremely rare, usually occurring late in the course of the disease and usually associated with metastases to internal organs. 1 To our knowledge, 50 cases of cutaneous metastasis from soft tissue leiomyosarcoma of any nongynecologic anatomic site have been reported in the literature with only 11 of these cases being metastasis to the scalp region.…”

“…Central tumor necrosis was identified within one of the nodules (Figs. [3][4][5]. The tumor cells strongly and diffusely expressed desmin ( Fig.…”