“…Vice versa , a diffusive-layer convection instability (DLC) can develop if A diffuses faster than B . While under nonreactive conditions all of these scenarios develop symmetrically across the initial contact line between the two layers, − a chemical reaction as simple as an A + B → C process can profoundly modify the symmetry of the fingered interface depending on the local density change induced by the reaction. − …”
Chemohydrodynamic patterns
due to the interplay of buoyancy-driven
instabilities and reaction–diffusion patterns are studied experimentally
in a vertical quasi-two-dimensional reactor in which two solutions
A and B containing separate reactants of the oscillating Belousov–Zhabotinsky
system are placed in contact along a horizontal contact line where
excitable or oscillating dynamics can develop. Different types of
buoyancy-driven instabilities are selectively induced in the reactive
zone depending on the initial density jump between the two layers,
controlled here by the bromate salt concentration. Starting from a
less dense solution above a denser one, two possible differential
diffusion instabilities are triggered depending on whether the fast
diffusing sulfuric acid is in the upper or lower solution. Specifically,
when the solution containing malonic acid and sulfuric acid is stratified
above the one containing the slow-diffusing bromate salt, a diffusive
layer convection (DLC) instability is observed with localized convective
rolls around the interface. In that case, the reaction–diffusion
wave patterns remain localized above the initial contact line, scarcely
affected by the flow. If, on the contrary, sulfuric acid diffuses
upward because it is initially dissolved in the lower layer, then
a double-diffusion (DD) convective mode develops. This triggers fingers
across the interface that mix the reactants such that oscillatory
dynamics and rippled waves develop throughout the whole reactor. If
the denser solution is put on top of the other one, then a fast developing
Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability induces fast mixing of all
reactants such that classical reaction–diffusion waves develop
later on in the convectively mixed solutions.
“…Vice versa , a diffusive-layer convection instability (DLC) can develop if A diffuses faster than B . While under nonreactive conditions all of these scenarios develop symmetrically across the initial contact line between the two layers, − a chemical reaction as simple as an A + B → C process can profoundly modify the symmetry of the fingered interface depending on the local density change induced by the reaction. − …”
Chemohydrodynamic patterns
due to the interplay of buoyancy-driven
instabilities and reaction–diffusion patterns are studied experimentally
in a vertical quasi-two-dimensional reactor in which two solutions
A and B containing separate reactants of the oscillating Belousov–Zhabotinsky
system are placed in contact along a horizontal contact line where
excitable or oscillating dynamics can develop. Different types of
buoyancy-driven instabilities are selectively induced in the reactive
zone depending on the initial density jump between the two layers,
controlled here by the bromate salt concentration. Starting from a
less dense solution above a denser one, two possible differential
diffusion instabilities are triggered depending on whether the fast
diffusing sulfuric acid is in the upper or lower solution. Specifically,
when the solution containing malonic acid and sulfuric acid is stratified
above the one containing the slow-diffusing bromate salt, a diffusive
layer convection (DLC) instability is observed with localized convective
rolls around the interface. In that case, the reaction–diffusion
wave patterns remain localized above the initial contact line, scarcely
affected by the flow. If, on the contrary, sulfuric acid diffuses
upward because it is initially dissolved in the lower layer, then
a double-diffusion (DD) convective mode develops. This triggers fingers
across the interface that mix the reactants such that oscillatory
dynamics and rippled waves develop throughout the whole reactor. If
the denser solution is put on top of the other one, then a fast developing
Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability induces fast mixing of all
reactants such that classical reaction–diffusion waves develop
later on in the convectively mixed solutions.
“…With respect to the properties of the species involved, possible flow configurations can be grouped in three main categories: presence of one chemical, presence of two chemicals with different diffusion coefficients, and presence two species that can chemically react [20]. With the aid of numerical simulations and experiments, Lemaigre et al [21] observed that in absence of chemical reactions the mixing region grows symmetrically with respect to the initial position of the interface: The growth occurs at a velocity that depends on the nature of the fluids involved, i.e., it is controlled by the diffusivity of the species and by the initial density difference [22]. The evolution of the system is different in presence of chemical reactions and moderate density contrast.…”
“…However, we neglect the effects of gravity, which would come into play at later times. This leaves aside buoyancy-driven flows in miscible and immiscible fluids [14]. Such cases correspond, for instance, to the early stages of the injection of hot water into heavy and extraheavy oil reservoirs (immiscible fluids) and to the injection of hot or cold water into geothermal aquifers (miscible fluids).…”
We report a theoretical study to determine the temperature profiles due to the continuous andconstant injection of hot water through a line source, into a homogeneous fluid-saturated porous medium which has had initially a constant temperature T∞. In our treatment we have taken in to account the simultaneous injection of constant fluxes of volume fluid, q, and of heat, φ. By using a far-field description, we found similarity solutions for the dimensionless temperature depending on the Peclet number, P e, as the single parameter of the problem.
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