Scaling up the Process of Catalytic Decomposition of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with the Formation of Carbon Nanostructures

Abstract

Catalytic processing of organochlorine wastes is considered an eco-friendly technology. Moreover, it allows us to obtain a value-added product—nanostructured carbon materials. However, the realization of this process is complicated by the aggressiveness of the reaction medium due to the presence of active chlorine species. The present research is focused on the characteristics of the carbon product obtained over the Ni-Pd catalyst containing 5 wt% of palladium in various quartz reactors: from a lab-scale reactor equipped with McBain balance to scaled-up reactors producing hundreds of grams. 1,2-dichloroethane was used as a model chlorine-substituted organic compound. The characterization of the materials was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Depending on the reactor type, the carbon yield varied from 14.0 to 24.2 g/g(cat). The resulting carbon nanofibers possess a segmented structure with disordered packaging of the graphene layers. It is shown that the carbon deposits are also different in density, structure, and morphology, depending on the type of reactor. Thus, the specific surface area changed from 405 to 262 and 286 m2/g for the products from reactor #1, #2, and #3, correspondingly. The main condition providing the growth of a fluffy carbon product is found to be its ability to grow in any direction. If the reactor walls limit the carbon growing process, the carbon product is represented by very dense fibers that can finally crack the reactor.

Efficient Production of Segmented Carbon Nanofibers via Catalytic Decomposition of Trichloroethylene over Ni-W Catalyst

“…The catalytic studies were performed in a flow-through quartz reactor equipped with McBain balances, thus allowing one to follow the accumulation of the carbon product over the catalyst in a real-time mode [ 43 ]. The weight of the initial bulk alloy (2.0 ± 0.05 mg) was placed in a quartz basket, which was hooked to a calibrated quartz spring.…”

Industrial Chemistry Reactions: Kinetics, Mass Transfer and Industrial Reactor Design (II)

“…Finally, two articles were devoted to the scale-up process. Wang et al studied the scaling-up of the catalytic decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons [10]. A dedicated…”

“…Finally, two articles were devoted to the scale-up process. Wang et al studied the scaling-up of the catalytic decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons [10]. A dedicated Lan et al investigated the effects of S and mineral elements (Ca, Al, Si, and Fe) on the thermochemical behavior of Zn during the co-pyrolysis of coal and waste tires [9].…”

“…Finally, two articles were devoted to the scale-up process. Wang et al studied the scaling-up of the catalytic decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons [10]. A dedicated experiment (see device in Figure 6A) was conducted to prove the concept, analyzing the quality of the products obtained for the future scaling-up of the process.…”