Abstract:Background
Plant-associated microbes (endophytes) have a significant relationship to enhance plant growth and crop productivity by producing proficient bioactive metabolites. Since endophytes promoted plant growth either directly by releasing active metabolites such as phytohormones or indirectly by suppressing the growth of phytopathogens, so, in this work, biomass yield of local endophytic Trichoderma harzianum was maximized at shake-flask scale and scaled up via 7-L Bioflo310 fermenter using… Show more
“…One of the foremost consideration at the outset would be the medium composition optimization as this would dictate cost of production and propensity for product separation from broth in downstream processes with little interference on the final quality of biomass produced (Kennedy and Krouse 1999 ). It is also about the relevance of the use of specific waste substrates adapted to endophytes that may contribute to reducing the costs of commercial production (Elsallamet et al 2021 ; Robl et al 2020 ; Willaert 2021 ). Such a solution may mark future of the green scale-up fermentation and sustainable development strategy.…”
Section: Versatility Of Fermenters For Plant Endophytic Microbial Growth Over Shake Flasksmentioning
The benefit of microorganisms to humans, animals, insects and plants is increasingly recognized, with intensified microbial endophytes research indicative of this realization. In the agriculture industry, the benefits are tremendous to move towards sustainable crop production and minimize or circumvent the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The research leading to the identification of potential plant endophytes is long and arduous and for many researchers the challenge is ultimately in scale-up production. While many of the larger agriculture and food industries have their own scale-up and manufacturing facilities, for many in academia and start-up companies the next steps towards production have been a stumbling block due to lack of information and understanding of the processes involved in scale-up fermentation. This review provides an overview of the fermentation process from shake flask cultures to scale-up and the manufacturing steps involved such as process development optimization (PDO), process hazard analysis (PHA), pre-, in- and post-production (PIP) challenges and finally the preparation of a technology transfer package (TTP) to transition the PDO to manufacturing. The focus is on submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) and plant endophytes production by providing original examples of fungal and bacterial endophytes, plant growth promoting Penicillium sp. and Streptomyces sp. bioinoculants, respectively. We also discuss the concepts, challenges and future perspectives of the scale-up microbial endophyte process technology based on the industrial and biosafety research platform for advancing a massive production of next-generation biologicals in bioreactors.
“…One of the foremost consideration at the outset would be the medium composition optimization as this would dictate cost of production and propensity for product separation from broth in downstream processes with little interference on the final quality of biomass produced (Kennedy and Krouse 1999 ). It is also about the relevance of the use of specific waste substrates adapted to endophytes that may contribute to reducing the costs of commercial production (Elsallamet et al 2021 ; Robl et al 2020 ; Willaert 2021 ). Such a solution may mark future of the green scale-up fermentation and sustainable development strategy.…”
Section: Versatility Of Fermenters For Plant Endophytic Microbial Growth Over Shake Flasksmentioning
The benefit of microorganisms to humans, animals, insects and plants is increasingly recognized, with intensified microbial endophytes research indicative of this realization. In the agriculture industry, the benefits are tremendous to move towards sustainable crop production and minimize or circumvent the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The research leading to the identification of potential plant endophytes is long and arduous and for many researchers the challenge is ultimately in scale-up production. While many of the larger agriculture and food industries have their own scale-up and manufacturing facilities, for many in academia and start-up companies the next steps towards production have been a stumbling block due to lack of information and understanding of the processes involved in scale-up fermentation. This review provides an overview of the fermentation process from shake flask cultures to scale-up and the manufacturing steps involved such as process development optimization (PDO), process hazard analysis (PHA), pre-, in- and post-production (PIP) challenges and finally the preparation of a technology transfer package (TTP) to transition the PDO to manufacturing. The focus is on submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) and plant endophytes production by providing original examples of fungal and bacterial endophytes, plant growth promoting Penicillium sp. and Streptomyces sp. bioinoculants, respectively. We also discuss the concepts, challenges and future perspectives of the scale-up microbial endophyte process technology based on the industrial and biosafety research platform for advancing a massive production of next-generation biologicals in bioreactors.
The study presents a safe and eco-friendly green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using Aspergillus niger DS22 (ON076463.1) cell-free filtrate, focusing on optimizing factors affecting nitrate reductase enzyme production within the framework TiO2 NP biosynthesis. Maximum enzyme activity was accomplished by growing A. niger DS22 in a modified MYGP medium at pH 6, 0.5% peptone, 0.15% yeast extract, 0.25% KNO3, 2% glucose, and 200 rpm for 4 days at 30 °C. Statistical optimization takes place, where a central composite design was employed for testing the reaction variables. The individual and interactive effects of process variables lead to optimal biosynthesis conditions with 10−4 M (K2TiF6) concentration, for 96 h, 28 °C, pH 9, and Ti+4 salt solution:filtrate ratio (10%, v/v). Kinetic conversion rates in 1-L shake flask and 10-L stirred tank bioreactor were calculated and compared. Current findings revealed that the yield coefficient of biomass dry weight (Yx/s) and the yield coefficient of TiO2 NP dry weight (Y pn/s) in the bioreactor exceed those of the shake flask (0.85 g/L and 0.51 g/L; 0.04 g/L and 0.11 g/L, respectively). TiO2 NPs showed anticancer activities with high biocompatibility (at 1000 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines, with 97.35% and 97.71% cytotoxicity, respectively. TiO2 NPs had a moderate antioxidant activity of 57.8% recorded by DPPH assay. Moreover, TiO2 NPs had anticoagulant activities and decolorization efficiency for methyl orange dye. The current study paves the way for maximizing TiO2 NP production, which can be used in industrial and medical sectors.
Graphical Abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.