Scaling the Period Eye: Oscar Drude and the Cartographical Practice of Plant Geography, 1870s–1910s

Güttler, Nils

doi:10.1017/s0269889710000256

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…“Schouw (1823) proposed a qualitative arrangement of species into groups of ‘plantae sociales, gregariae, copiosae, sparsae and solitarine’, in which Drude (1890) followed him” (Becking 1957:415). Drude was active in Germany during its flourishing empire, when maps were very important, and he was able to exploit that interest for plant geography maps (Gütler 2011).…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 48: Formalizing Plant Ecology, about 1870 to mid‐1920s

Egerton¹

2013

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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A German zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, coined and defined a new branch of biology, "Oekologie," in 1866 (Egerton 2013). In the later 1800s, four ecological sciences emerged: (terrestrial) plant ecology, (terrestrial) animal ecology, limnology, and marine biology. Plant ecology evolved out of phytogeography and physiology (Billings 1985:5-6), to which was added during the 1890s investigations of plant communities and vegetation succession. Physiology was important, but played a relatively passive role: its significance often depending on how well phytogeographers understood it. European botanists and publications led the way. Phytopathology during the 1800s is discussed in part 44 (Egerton 2012) and omitted here. States (1999:225-339). The history of aquatic plant ecology is part of limnology and marine ecology and will be discussed in parts 50 and 51. The ecology of lichens is deferred to part 52 on the history of symbiosis studies. After these exclusions, the remaining plant ecology, about 1870 to mid-1920s, is still vast in scope and detail, and surveys by Becking (1957), Whittaker (1962), Shimwell (1972), Tobey (1981, Nicolson (1989Nicolson ( , 1996, and Cittadino (1990) provide introductions to additional developments and literature. Pflanzengeographie (1836, English 1846, Arthur Henfrey's Vegetation of Europe, Its Conditions and Causes (1852, 1977), and Alphonse de Candolle's Géographie botanique raisonée (1855) (Reed 1942:128-129). German botanists led the way, with Russian botanists following a parallel, rather independent, course (Becking 1957:417-419 October 2013 341 ContributionsAn Austrian, Anton Kerner von Marilaün (1831-1898), studied medicine at the University of Vienna, but soon gave up his practice to become a botanist (Kronfeld 1908, Stafleu and Cowan 1976, II:525-530, Nicolson 1996, who was strongly influenced by Humboldt (Cittadino 1990:119). He became a professor at Budapest, then Innsbruck, and finally in Vienna. While in Hungary he had collected plants in botanically little-known eastern Hungary and Transylvania and published Das Pflanzenleben der Danaulaender (1863). Its American translator claimed that this book "is the immediate and direct parent of all later works on Plant Ecology" (Conard 1951:vii). Is this translator merely hyping a work he has translated or is there some validity to his claim? R. J. Goodland (1975:241) reserved that "parental honor" for Warming (1995). Dwight Billings (1985:5) and Malcolm Nicolson (1996:304-305) agreed with Conard. Clearly, Kerner's Plant Life of the Danube Basin is a good landmark with which to begin this history.Kerner complained that a copious literature on plant physiognomy had developed without a standard terminology to describe scientifically all native plant formations. For example (Kerner 1951(Kerner :5-6, 1977: Whereas Humboldt considers the north German heather-covered coastal plains as steppes, and Koch applies that name to a formation composed of high sod-forming grasses, and Willkomm restricts the term to formations on saline soils ...

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 48: Formalizing Plant Ecology, about 1870 to mid‐1920s

Egerton¹

2013

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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“…they needed to be trained to use standardized techniques for observation, collection and recording natural phenomena (cf. Güttler, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Research on Insect Pests in the Russian Empire: Bureaucracy, Academic Community and Local Knowledge in the 1830s-1840s

Лоскутова

2014

Centaurus

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This paper examines the early history of agricultural entomology in the Russian empire in the decades before Russian universities and learned societies occupied centre stage in the intellectual life of the country. It aims to contribute to the ongoing discussions of historically contingent relations between 'amateurs' and 'professionals' in scientific research. It explores the social identities of those people who took part in the production and circulation of scientific knowledge, and argues that in this period Russian officialdom played a major role in these processes. The state officials' engagement with natural history originated out of a broader information gathering agenda, which was characteristic of the early-to mid-19th century. At the same time, the paper highlights the importance of provincial observers who were indispensable for providing field data for bureaucratic 'inventorying' of imperial resources. This dependency on local observers had far reaching implications, including the dissemination of the language and practices of natural history among wider audiences.

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History of Ecological Sciences, Part 61B: Terrestrial Biogeography and Paleobiogeography, 1840s–1940s

Egerton

2018

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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Scaling the Period Eye: Oscar Drude and the Cartographical Practice of Plant Geography, 1870s–1910s

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 48: Formalizing Plant Ecology, about 1870 to mid‐1920s

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 48: Formalizing Plant Ecology, about 1870 to mid‐1920s

Early Research on Insect Pests in the Russian Empire: Bureaucracy, Academic Community and Local Knowledge in the 1830s-1840s

History of Ecological Sciences, Part 61B: Terrestrial Biogeography and Paleobiogeography, 1840s–1940s

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