Scaling prediction based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculation — scopes and limitations

Schausberger, P.; Mustafa, Ghulam M.; Leslie, Greg; Friedl, Anton

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.04.034

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For higher concentrations of NaCl, gypsum solubility decreases (Ponsjack, 1940;Madgin and Swales, 1956;Slusher, 1966, 1968;Power et al, 1966;Yeatts and Marshall, 1972;Melnikova and Moshkina, 1973;Raju and Atkinson, 1990). Schausberger et al (2009) state that although gypsum solubility in NaCl solutions can be predicted reliably, in multicomponent systems, and especially in the presence of magnesium, it may change noticeably. Gypsum solubility in saline solutions is strongly dependent on magnesium concentration due to the formation of a neutral species like MgSO 4 (0), which withdraws part of sulphate ions causing an increase of gypsum solubility (Marshall and Slusher, 1968).…”

Section: Hydrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 95%

Human-induced hydrogeological changes and sinkholes in the coastal gypsum karst of Lesina Marina area (Foggia Province, Italy)

Fidelibus

Gutiérrez

Spilotro

2011

Engineering Geology

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Section: Hydrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 95%

Human-induced hydrogeological changes and sinkholes in the coastal gypsum karst of Lesina Marina area (Foggia Province, Italy)

Fidelibus

Gutiérrez

Spilotro

2011

Engineering Geology

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“…Work by Dydo et al (2003) and Schausberger et al (2009) elucidates the geochemical conditions conducive to rapidcreekite precipitation. These authors have studied the controls of this mixed bicarbonate-sulfate system on carbonate mineral saturation, including equilibrium precipitation of carbonates, sulfates, and mixed carbonate-sulfate minerals such as rapidcreekite.…”

Section: Origin Of Rapidcreekitementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Further localities are two mines in Norway and Germany, respectively, and a possible cave location in Czech Republic (Raade 1989; * E-mail: bonac@usf.edu Rüger et al 1995;Žák et al 2010). Synthetic rapidcreekite has also been identified as an intermediate phase during desalinization studies from solutions having a low carbonate to sulfate ratio (Dydo et al 2003;Schausberger et al 2009). Rapidcreekite was recently reported as the main hydration product in a ternary cement system where it formed via ettringite carbonation (Martínez-Ramírez and Fernández-Carrasco 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rapidcreekite in the sulfuric acid weathering environment of Diana Cave, Romania

Onac

Effenberger

Wynn

et al. 2013

American Mineralogist

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The Diana Cave in SW Romania develops along a fault line and hosts a spring of hot (T avg = 51 °C), sulfate-rich, sodium-calcium-chloride bearing water of near-neutral pH. Abundant steam and H 2 S rises from the thermal water to condensate on the walls and ceiling of the cave. The sulfuric acid produced by H 2 S oxidation/hydrolysis causes a strong acid-sulfate weathering of the cave bedrock generating a sulfate-dominated mineral assemblage that includes rapidcreekite, Ca 2 (SO 4 )(CO 3 )·4H 2 O closely associated with gypsum and halotrichite group minerals. Rapidcreekite forms bundles of colorless tabular orthorhombic crystals elongated along [001] and reaching up to 1.5 mm in length. For verifying the hydrogen bond scheme and obtaining crystal-chemical details of the carbonate group a single-crystal structure refinement of rapidcreekite was performed. Its unit-cell parameters are: a = 15.524 (2), b = 19.218(3), c = 6.161(1) Å; V = 1838.1(5) Å 3 , Z = 8, space group Pcnb. Chemical composition (wt%): CaO 35.65, SO 3 24.97, CO 2 13.7, H 2 O 23.9, Na 2 O 0.291, MgO 0.173, Al 2 O 3 0.07, total 98.75%. The empirical formula, based on 7 non-water O atoms pfu, is: Ca 1.98 Na 0.029 Mg 0.013 Al 0.004 (S 0.971 O 4 )(C 0.97 O 3 )·4.13H 2 O. The d 34 S and d 18 O values of rapidcreekite and other cave sulfates range from 18 to 19.5‰ CDT and from -9.7 to 7.8‰ SMOW, respectively, indicating that the source of sulfur is a marine evaporite and that during hydration of the minerals it has been an abundant 18 O exchange with percolating water but almost no oxygen is derived from O 2(aq) . This is the first description of rapidcreekite from a cave environment and one of the very few natural occurrences worldwide. We also report on the mineral stability and solubility, parameters considered critical to understand the co-precipitation of carbonates and sulfates, a process that has wide applications in cement industry and scaling prevention.

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“…The impact of precipitation and deposition of unwanted material on the heat exchanger surface is considered with a fouling factor of 0.08 m 2 K/W [24,61] for all seawater impinged heat exchanger surfaces [62,63].…”

Section: C5 Fouling Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Boosted Multi-Effect Distillation for sensible low-grade heat sources: A comparison with feed pre-heating Multi-Effect Distillation

2015

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Scaling prediction based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculation — scopes and limitations

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Human-induced hydrogeological changes and sinkholes in the coastal gypsum karst of Lesina Marina area (Foggia Province, Italy)

Human-induced hydrogeological changes and sinkholes in the coastal gypsum karst of Lesina Marina area (Foggia Province, Italy)

Rapidcreekite in the sulfuric acid weathering environment of Diana Cave, Romania

Boosted Multi-Effect Distillation for sensible low-grade heat sources: A comparison with feed pre-heating Multi-Effect Distillation

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