Scaling of heat production by thermogenic flowers: limits to floral size and maximum rate of respiration

Seymour, Roger S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02190.x

Cited by 32 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Warming of owers accelerates scent emission and at the same time it is a "reward" for the ower-visiting beetles (Seymour & Schultze-Motel 1997;Seymour et al 2003;Seymour 2010). In A. prinoides, A. crassipetala and A. dolichocarpa, the oral scent had attractive power for oral visitors only during the pistillate stage.…”

Section: Thermogenesis and Fl Oral Scentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reproductive biology of the early-divergent genus Anaxagorea (Annonaceae), and its significance for the evolutionary development of the family

Gottsberger

2016

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Data of six studied Neotropical Anaxagorea species are analyzed and discussed with respect to the population structure, owering phenology, ower morphology, anthesis, scent emission, thermogenesis, oral visitors, breeding system, fruit-set and seed dispersal. e probably reason for the patchy distribution of small populations of Anaxagorea species within lowland tropical forests is given. A novel explanation of the functional signi cance of ruminate endosperm is presented. Flowering of the species follows either the annual or the continuous owering pattern. All studied species have diurnal, two-day lasting, protogynous anthesis; several species have thermogenic owers. Self-compatibility appears to be the prevailing reproductive system in the genus. However, there is a strong tendency for e ecting cross-pollination. Floral scent of Anaxagorea species contains fruit-like components, and the pollinators, primarily Nitidulidae (Colopterus spp.) are attracted by deceit. Strong scenting pollination chambers occur also in most other cantharophilous Annonaceae. Novel oral developments are apparent mainly in y-, cockroach-and bee-pollinated Annonaceae, which have patterns di erent from cantharophilous species and exhibit open owers with re exed petals, which allow their pollinators to reach and touch the reproductive organs.

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Section: Thermogenesis and Fl Oral Scentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reproductive biology of the early-divergent genus Anaxagorea (Annonaceae), and its significance for the evolutionary development of the family

Gottsberger

2016

Acta Bot. Bras.

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“…In most plants, metabolic reactions are too slow to elevate tissue temperature64, or heat escapes very quickly because the tissue is too small to retain heat41. Irrespective of whether plants produce heat, the reproductive process is one of the most pivotal life events for all seed plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among thermogenic species, A. concinnatum is non-thermoregulatory, but shows the highest mass-specific respiration rates during heat production1141. A. concinnatum produces an inflorescence, which consists of a spadix with male florets and female florets in the floral chamber surrounded by the spathe.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of thermogenic Arum concinnatum reveals the molecular components of floral scent production

Onda

Mochida

Yoshida

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Several plant species can generate enough heat to increase their internal floral temperature above ambient temperature. Among thermogenic plants, Arum concinnatum shows the highest respiration activity during thermogenesis. However, an overall understanding of the genes related to plant thermogenesis has not yet been achieved. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis of flower organs in A. concinnatum. The de novo transcriptome assembly represented, in total, 158,490 non-redundant transcripts, and 53,315 of those showed significant homology with known genes. To explore genes associated with thermogenesis, we filtered 1266 transcripts that showed a significant correlation between expression pattern and the temperature trend of each sample. We confirmed five putative alternative oxidase transcripts were included in filtered transcripts as expected. An enrichment analysis of the Gene Ontology terms for the filtered transcripts suggested over-representation of genes involved in 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) activity. The expression profiles of DXS transcripts in the methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway were significantly correlated with thermogenic levels. Our results suggest that the MEP pathway is the main biosynthesis route for producing scent monoterpenes. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the candidate pathway and the key enzyme for floral scent production in thermogenic plants.

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“…Pilot experiments with an empty chamber showed complete prevention of atmospheric contamination. The spadix temperature was set at 15 °C, the level producing maximum Ṁ o 2 , because higher temperatures reduce the rate of heat production as a result of the floral thermoregulatory mechanism (Seymour ). Gas mixture dwell time of 64 min was chosen because the washout time of the respirometry chamber was 9.4 min at a flow rate of 300 mL min −1 , and estimates of the gas space in the spadix and the lowest rates of respiration indicated that all of the O 2 in the tissue would be consumed in about 2 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermogenic flowers produce heat by respiration involving cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX), both of which consume O 2 . Mass‐specific rates of O 2 consumption ( Ṁ o 2 ) can be very high in some species, reaching over 0.9 μ mol s −1 g −1 (Seymour ). This is equivalent to the Ṁ o 2 of insect flight muscle, the highest rate recorded in any organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oxygen supply to thermogenic flowers

Seymour

Ito

Umekawa

et al. 2014

Plant Cell & Environment

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Thermogenic flowers produce heat by intense respiration, and the rates of O2 consumption (Ṁo2) in some species can exceed those of all other tissues of plants and most animals. By exposing intact flowers to a range of O2 pressures (Po2) and measuring Ṁo2, we demonstrate that the highest respiration rates exceed the capacity of the O2 diffusive pathway and become diffusion limited in atmospheric air. The male florets on the inflorescence of Arum concinnatum have the highest known mass-specific Ṁo2 and can be severely diffusion limited. Intact spadices of Japanese skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius are diffusion limited in air only when Ṁo2 is maximal, but not at lower levels. True flowers of the sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera and the appendix of Arum concinnatum are never diffusion limited in air. Ṁo2 - Po2 curves are evaluated quantitatively with the 'Regulation Index', a new tool to measure dependence of Ṁo2 on ambient Po2 , as well as the conventional 'Critical Po2 '. The study also includes measurements of Po2 within thermogenic tissues with O2-sensitive fibre optics, and reveals that the diffusion pathway is complicated and that O2 can be provided not only from the surface of the tissues but also from the pith of the flower's peduncle.

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Scaling of heat production by thermogenic flowers: limits to floral size and maximum rate of respiration

Abstract: Effect of size of inflorescences, flowers and cones on maximum rate of heat production is analysed allometrically in 23 species of thermogenic plants having diverse structures and ranging between 1.8 and 600 g. Total respiration rate ( MCO 2 , mmol s

Cited by 32 publications

References 70 publications

The reproductive biology of the early-divergent genus Anaxagorea (Annonaceae), and its significance for the evolutionary development of the family

The reproductive biology of the early-divergent genus Anaxagorea (Annonaceae), and its significance for the evolutionary development of the family

Transcriptome analysis of thermogenic Arum concinnatum reveals the molecular components of floral scent production

The oxygen supply to thermogenic flowers

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