Scaling of fault attributes: A review

Torabi, Anita; Berg, Silje S.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.04.003

Cited by 287 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In particular fault (3), displaying a synsedimentary activity during the deposition of both the Rotzo and the Monte Zugna formations, has a cumulative offset of 160 m, whereas fault (2) induces thickness variations only in the Rotzo formation with a dip-slip displacement of 120. According to the displacement-length scaling relationships for normal faults [Kim and Sanderson, 2005;Torabi and Berg, 2011], this value suggest a length of these extensional faults in the order of the tens of kilometers at the time of its Mesozoic activity. Although slightly reactivated during the Alpine deformation, the attitudes and kinematics of the faults still preserve the traces of their ancient activity and are consistent with an E-W regional extension associated with the Early Jurassic rifting in the area [Bertotti, 2001].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of 3D modeling, aerial LiDAR and photogrammetry to study a synsedimentary structure in the Early Jurassic Calcari Grigi (Southern Alps, Italy)

Franceschi

Martinelli

Gislimberti

et al. 2015

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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LiDAR and photogrammetry data are integrated to study an Early Jurassic extensional synsedimentary structure in the Italian Southern Alps. Airborne LiDAR data helped in getting geologic information in areas covered by vegetation, photogrammetry was applied to produce a high-resolution 3D textured model of the inaccessible parts of the outcrop. LiDAR and photgrammetric data were merged together producing a multi-resolution model. Key geologic boundaries and faults bounding the synsedimentary structure were digitized in a 3D geomodeling environment. The reconstruction yielded information about the structure kinematics and accumulated displacements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of 3D modeling, aerial LiDAR and photogrammetry to study a synsedimentary structure in the Early Jurassic Calcari Grigi (Southern Alps, Italy)

Franceschi

Martinelli

Gislimberti

et al. 2015

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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“…The length and the height of the fault can be deduced from fault picks and constrained by published scaling laws between fault length and maximum displacement (e.g., Nicol et al, 1996;Torabi and Berg, 2011). Choosing the width of the fault operator is more subjective.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childs et al (2009) noticed the lack of scaling laws integrating the width of the zone of normal drag adjacent to a fault. This width can probably be related to the width of the brittle damage zone and thus to the maximum displacement using previously published scaling laws (e.g., Torabi and Berg, 2011;Johri et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A parametric fault displacement model to introduce kinematic control into modeling faults from sparse data

et al. 2018

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Fault-related displacements impact oil and gas flow predictions at reservoir scales. In this contribution, we integrate a quantitative description of fault-related deformation directly embedded into the structural modeling workflow. Consistent fault displacements are produced by using numerical fault operators that deform horizons in accordance with theoretical isolated fault displacement models to generate kinematically consistent structural models.We compare structural modeling approaches based on such fault operators with those relying on interpolation. Several synthetic cross-sections are generated from a reference high-resolution structural model of the Santos Basin, Brazil. Models are reconstructed from this 2D synthetic sparse dataset using both methods. Their ability to produce consistent structural models is assessed by comparing reconstructed and reference models. On this example, kinematic modeling improves the quality of automatically generated models when only few and poor quality observations are available, thus reducing the time needed for structural validation.

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“…1 Schematic view of the geometric parameters involved in a fracture network, including: (i) fracture length, (ii) aperture, (iii) surface roughness, (iv) dead-end, (v) number of intersections, (vi) hydraulic gradient, (vii) boundary stress, (viii) anisotropy, and (ix) scale 1989). Actually, in natural fractured rock masses, the fracture length has very broad distributions and is observed to follow the power-law, exponential, and lognormal types of functions (Chelidze and Gueguen 1990;Chang and Yortsos 1990;Sahimi 1993;Watanabe and Takahashi 1995a, b;Andrade et al 2009;Torabi and Berg 2011;Torabi 2012, 2013). Among them, the power law distribution has been most widely utilized (Segall and Pollard 1983;Gudmundsson 1987;Childs et al 1990;Sornette et al 1993;Davy 1993;Bour and Davy 1997;Bogdanov et al 2007;Reeves et al 2013), with a typical form of…”

Section: Permeability and Fracture-length Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Mathematical expressions for estimating equivalent permeability of rock fracture networks

et al. 2016

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Fracture networks play a more significant role in conducting fluid flow and solute transport in fractured rock masses, comparing with that of the rock matrix. Accurate estimation of the permeability of fracture networks would help researchers and engineers better assess the performance of projects associated with fluid flow in fractured rock masses. This study provides a review of previous works that have focused on the estimation of equivalent permeability of twodimensional (2-D) discrete fracture networks (DFNs) considering the influences of geometric properties of fractured rock masses. Mathematical expressions for the effects of nine important parameters that significantly impact on the equivalent permeability of DFNs are summarized, including (1) fracturelength distribution, (2) aperture distribution, (3) fracture surface roughness, (4) fracture dead-end, (5) number of intersections, (6) hydraulic gradient, (7) boundary stress, (8) anisotropy, and (9) scale. Recent developments of 3-D fracture networks are briefly reviewed to underline the importance of utilizing 3-D models in future research.

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Scaling of fault attributes: A review

Cited by 287 publications

References 103 publications

Integration of 3D modeling, aerial LiDAR and photogrammetry to study a synsedimentary structure in the Early Jurassic Calcari Grigi (Southern Alps, Italy)

Integration of 3D modeling, aerial LiDAR and photogrammetry to study a synsedimentary structure in the Early Jurassic Calcari Grigi (Southern Alps, Italy)

A parametric fault displacement model to introduce kinematic control into modeling faults from sparse data

Review: Mathematical expressions for estimating equivalent permeability of rock fracture networks

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