Scaling laws, pressure anisotropy, and thermodynamic effects for blackbody radiation in a finite cavity

Sokolsky, A. A.; Gorlach, Maxim A.

doi:10.1103/physreva.89.013847

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The band emissivity of the selective emitter from ambient temperature to 250 °C is plotted in Figure S6 in the Supporting Information. In particular, the proposed emitter has a microcavity structure, and its band emissivity can be calculated according to Stefan–Boltzmann Law concerning the size and temperature effects of the cavity …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multilayer Film Based Selective Thermal Emitter for Infrared Stealth Technology

Liang

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

214

109

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Engineering the radiation characteristics for the design of selective thermal emitters has been a hot topic for decades and is of great value in the fields of thermophotovoltaic systems, radiative cooling, and infrared stealth. In this paper, a Ag/Ge multilayer film based selective emitter for infrared stealth is demonstrated using an ultrathin metal film and impedance matching to tune the radiation characteristics. Herein, a novel approach for infrared stealth that relies on the combination of emissivity (ε) reduction in the atmospheric windows (3–5 and 8–14 µm) and radiative cooling in a nonatmospheric window (5–8 µm) is proposed. The fabricated selective emitter has low emissivity (ε3‐5 µm = 0.18; ε8‐14 µm = 0.31) in the atmospheric windows for infrared “invisibility” and high emissivity (ε5‐8 µm = 0.82) outside the atmospheric window for radiative cooling and functions from ambient temperature to 200 °C. Compared with low‐emissivity materials, the selective emitter exhibits higher radiative cooling efficiency in vacuum and practical environments and presents lower apparent temperatures on infrared cameras. Moreover, the proposed selective emitter, with a planar and simple structure, is scalable, allowing flexible large‐area fabrication. The work demonstrates that selective emissive materials have promising applications in infrared stealth technology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multilayer Film Based Selective Thermal Emitter for Infrared Stealth Technology

Liang

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

214

109

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show abstract

“…The work in Ref. [18] investigated the near-field radiative entropy density and entropy flux that is valid for both thermal non-equilibrium as well thermal equilibrium cases, and it shows an agreement with the theory of blackbody radiation in the far-field limit, due to multiple reflections, interference and diffraction of light [18,162,168,169].…”

Section: Entropy Transfer: Entropy Due To Near-field Radiative Energy...mentioning

confidence: 67%

Review of fluctuational electrodynamics and its applications to radiative momentum, energy and entropy transport

Zheng

2014

Preprint

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Quantum and thermal fluctuations of electromagnetic fields, which give rise to Planck's law of blackbody radiation, are also responsible for van der Waals and Casimir forces, as well as near-field radiative energy transfer between objects. Electromagnetic waves transport energy, momentum, and entropy. For classical thermal radiation, the dependence of the above mentioned quantities on the temperature is well-known mainly due to Planck's work. When near-field effects, namely the collective influence of diffraction, interference, and tunneling of waves, become important, Planck's theory is no longer valid. Of momentum, energy, and entropy transfer, the role of near-field effects on momentum transfer between two half-spaces separated by a vacuum gap (van der Waals pressure in the vacuum gap) was first determined by Lifshitz, using Rytov's theory of fluctuational electrodynamics in 1956. Subsequently, Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz, and Pitaevskii, employing sophisticated methods from quantum field theory, generalized Lifshitz' result for van der Waals pressure in a vacuum layer to the case of van der Waals pressure in a dissipative layer between two half-spaces. The influence of near-field effects on radiative transfer was appreciated only in the late 1960s and, subsequently, in the last two decades because of the enhancement in radiative transfer due to electromagnetic surface waves. The role played by near-field effects on entropy transfer has not been investigated so far, at least when the temperature distribution is non-uniform.

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“…3(b), these reductions of up to 30% are evident around 7 GHz and 13 GHz. This finding indicates an alternative explanation for the deviations: a modification of the spectral intensity of the BBR inside our apparatus [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Such a modification could be caused by a density of modes influenced by the presence of the cell walls and other structures such as supports and field coils close to the cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We find that our experimental results deviate significantly from theoretical calculations [17][18][19][20][21][22] in welldefined ranges of n. We attribute these deviations to the spectral intensity distribution of the BBR within the apparatus [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Placing additional electrodes around the MOT leads to further changes in the observed transition rates, which indicates that under suitable conditions BBR-induced transitions could also be suppressed in our setup, thus increasing the lifetimes of the Rydberg states without the need for cooling down the apparatus [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Measurements of blackbody radiation-induced transition rates between high-lying S, P and D Rydberg levels

Archimi,

Ceccanti,

Distefano

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We report experimental measurements of the rates of blackbody radiation-induced transitions between high-lying (n > 60) S, P and D Rydberg levels of rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap using a hybrid field ionization and state-selective depumping technique [1,2]. Our results reveal significant deviations of the measured transition rates from theory for well-defined ranges of the principal quantum number. We assume that the most likely cause for those deviations is a modified blackbody spectrum inside the glass cell in which the magneto-optical trap is formed, and we test this assumption by installing electrodes to create an additional microwave cavity around the cell. From the results we conclude that it should be possible to use such external cavities to control and suppress the blackbody radiation-induced transitions.

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Scaling laws, pressure anisotropy, and thermodynamic effects for blackbody radiation in a finite cavity

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

A Multilayer Film Based Selective Thermal Emitter for Infrared Stealth Technology

A Multilayer Film Based Selective Thermal Emitter for Infrared Stealth Technology

Review of fluctuational electrodynamics and its applications to radiative momentum, energy and entropy transport

Measurements of blackbody radiation-induced transition rates between high-lying S, P and D Rydberg levels

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