Scaling and optimization of the radiation temperature in dynamic hohlraums

Slutz, Stephen A.; Douglas, M. R.; Lash, J. S.; Vesey, Roger Alan; Chandler, G. A.; Nash, T. J.; Derzon, M. S.

doi:10.1063/1.1360213

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…We further illustrate this point using an analytic liner implosion solution. 26 The radius of the liner as a function of time is given by the expression…”

Section: ͑3͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field

Slutz¹,

Herrmann²,

Vesey³

et al. 2010

Physics of Plasmas

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533

328

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The radial convergence required to reach fusion conditions is considerably higher for cylindrical than for spherical implosions since the volume is proportional to r2 versus r3, respectively. Fuel magnetization and preheat significantly lowers the required radial convergence enabling cylindrical implosions to become an attractive path toward generating fusion conditions. Numerical simulations are presented indicating that significant fusion yields may be obtained by pulsed-power-driven implosions of cylindrical metal liners onto magnetized (>10 T) and preheated (100–500 eV) deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel. Yields exceeding 100 kJ could be possible on Z at 25 MA, while yields exceeding 50 MJ could be possible with a more advanced pulsed power machine delivering 60 MA. These implosions occur on a much shorter time scale than previously proposed implosions, about 100 ns as compared to about 10 μs for magnetic target fusion (MTF) [I. R. Lindemuth and R. C. Kirkpatrick, Nucl. Fusion 23, 263 (1983)]. Consequently the optimal initial fuel density (1–5 mg/cc) is considerably higher than for MTF (∼1 μg/cc). Thus the final fuel density is high enough to axially trap most of the α-particles for cylinders of approximately 1 cm in length with a purely axial magnetic field, i.e., no closed field configuration is required for ignition. According to the simulations, an initial axial magnetic field is partially frozen into the highly conducting preheated fuel and is compressed to more than 100 MG. This final field is strong enough to inhibit both electron thermal conduction and the escape of α-particles in the radial direction. Analytical and numerical calculations indicate that the DT can be heated to 200–500 eV with 5–10 kJ of green laser light, which could be provided by the Z-Beamlet laser. The magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability poses the greatest threat to this approach to fusion. Two-dimensional Lasnex simulations indicate that the liner walls must have a substantial initial thickness (10–20% of the radius) so that they maintain integrity throughout the implosion. The Z and Z-Beamlet experiments are now being planned to test the various components of this concept, e.g., the laser heating of the fuel and the robustness of liner implosions to the MRT instability.

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“…We further illustrate this point using an analytic liner implosion solution. 26 The radius of the liner as a function of time is given by the expression…”

Section: ͑3͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field

Slutz¹,

Herrmann²,

Vesey³

et al. 2010

Physics of Plasmas

Self Cite

533

328

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A higher record of 280 ± 40 TW was achieved later by using a nested-wire array, whose energy transition efficiency exceed 15% [3], which shows the great potential of using Z-pinch implosions to drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum (ZPDH) is one of the potential schemes to indirectdrive ICF, which employs a high-atomic-number annular Z-pinch plasma implode onto a cylindrical low-density foam [4][5][6][7]. The impact launches a radiating shock, which is the main radiation source heating the hohlraum and driving the ICF capsule to ignition [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and numerical research of wire array Z-pinch and dynamic hohlraum at IAPCM

Ding

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2016

Matter and Radiation at Extremes

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Dense Z-pinch plasmas are powerful and energy-efficient laboratory sources of x rays, and show the possibility to drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Recent advances in wire-array Z-pinch and Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum (ZPDH) researches at the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics are presented in this paper. Models are setup to study different physical processes. A full circuit model (FCM) was used to study the coupling between Z-pinch implosion and generator discharge. A mass injection model with azimuthal modulation was setup to simulate the wire-array plasma initiation, and the two-dimensional MHD code MARED was developed to investigate the Z-pinch implosion, MRT instability, stagnation and radiation. Implosions of nested and quasispherical wire array were also investigated theoretically and numerically. Key processes of ZPDH, such as the array-foam interaction, formation of the hohlraum radiation, as well as the following capsule ablation and implosion, were analyzed with different radiation magneto-hydrodynamics (RMHD) codes. An integrated 2D RMHD simulation of dynamic hohlraum driven capsule implosion provides us the physical insights of wire-array plasma acceleration, shock generation and propagation, hohlraum formation, radiation ablation, and fuel compression.

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“…Example applications include x-ray imaging and microscopy of ICF targets in z-pinch-driven hohlraums (ZPDH) [9][10][11] and dynamic hohlraums (DH) [12,13], backlighting of radiation-driven and magnetically-driven experiments, and spectroscopy. ZBL was designed to produce > 2 kJ of 2ω energy in up to four pulses of < 2 ns total duration in a 20 ns interval.…”

Section: Ii2 Z-beamlet Backlighter Diagnostic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible diagnostic applications for ZBL on ZR include: (1) High-spatial-resolution PP radiography backlighting (25-50 µm resolution) or BCI radiography (5-10 µm resolution) of ICF implosion capsules in ZPDH [9][10][11] and DH [12,13] configurations. A side-on backlighting capability with the monochromatic BCI technique may be important for the DH configuration to measure polar symmetry of pellet implosions in secondary hohlraums where spherical convergence is not present.…”

Section: Ii2 Z-beamlet Backlighter Diagnostic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics development plan for ZR.

Hanson¹

2003

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The Z Refurbishment (ZR) Project is a program to upgrade the Z machine at SNL with modern durable pulsed power technology, providing additional shot capacity and improved reliability as well as advanced capabilities for both pulsed x-ray production and high pressure generation. The development of enhanced diagnostic capabilities is an essential requirement for ZR to meet critical mission needs. This report presents a comprehensive plan for diagnostic instrument and infrastructure development for the first few years of ZR operation. The focus of the plan is on: (1) developing diagnostic instruments with high spatial and temporal resolution, capable of low noise operation and survival in the severe EMP, bremsstrahlung, and blast environments of ZR; and (2) providing diagnostic infrastructure improvements, including reduced diagnostic trigger signal jitter, more and flexible diagnostic line-of-sight access, and the capability for efficient exchange of diagnostics with other laboratories. This diagnostic plan is the first step in an extended process to provide enhanced diagnostic capabilities for ZR to meet the diverse programmatic needs of a broad range of defense, energy, and general science programs of an international user community into the next decade. ZR Diagnostics Development Plan ________________________________________________________________________ 4 AcknowledgementsThe author would like to thank

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Scaling and optimization of the radiation temperature in dynamic hohlraums

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field

Theoretical and numerical research of wire array Z-pinch and dynamic hohlraum at IAPCM

Diagnostics development plan for ZR.

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