Scales and mechanisms of marine hotspot formation

Hazen, Elliott L.; Suryan, Robert M.; Santora, Jarrod A.; Bograd, Steven J.; Watanuki, Yutaka; Wilson, Rory P.

doi:10.3354/meps10477

Cited by 78 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…As with other filter feeders, ideal foraging habitat in coastal waters require mechanisms that concentrate prey (Sims and Quayle, 1998;Sims et al, 2003;Croll et al, 2005;Dewar et al, 2008;Hazen et al, 2013;Scales et al, 2014;Miller et al, 2015). As a result, foraging habitat will depend on physical factors that may include tidal cycles, internal waves, variability in ocean currents, mesoscale features such as fronts and eddies, and bathymetry.…”

Section: Geographic Movements and Essential Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus) Movements in the Eastern North Pacific Determined Using Satellite Telemetry

et al. 2018

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To fill data gaps on movements, behaviors and habitat use, both near-and offshore, two programs were initiated to deploy satellite tags on basking sharks off the coast of California. Basking sharks are large filter-feeding sharks that are second in size only to whale sharks. Similar to many megafauna populations, available data suggest that populations are below historic levels. In the eastern North Pacific (ENP) Ocean, the limited information on basking sharks comes from nearshore habitats where they forage. From 2010 to 2011, four sharks were tagged with pop-off satellite archival tags with deployments ranging from 9 to 240 days. The tags provided both transmitted and archived data on habitat use and geographic movement patterns. Nearshore, sharks tended to move north in the summer and prefer shelf and slope habitat around San Diego, Point Conception and Monterey Bay. The two sharks with 180 and 240 days deployments left the coast in the summer and fall. Offshore their paths diverged and by January one shark had moved to near the tip of the Baja Peninsula, Mexico and the other to the waters near Hawaii, USA. Vertical habitat use was variable both within and among individuals and changed as sharks moved offshore. Nearshore, most time was spent in the mixed layer but sharks did spend hours in cold waters below the mixed layer. Offshore vertical movements depended on location. The shark that went to Hawaii had a distinct diel pattern, with days spent at ∼450-470 m and nights at ∼250-300 m and almost no time in surface waters, corresponding with the diel migration of a specific portion of the deep scattering layer. The shark that moved south along the Baja Peninsula spent progressively more time in deep water but came to the surface daily. Movement patterns and shifts in vertical habitat and use are likely linked to shifts in prey availability and oceanography. Data collected indicate the potential for large-scale movements and the need for international dialogue in any recovery efforts.

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Section: Geographic Movements and Essential Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coastal surface waters, especially in eastern boundary currents, are highly productive and mesoscale features that concentrate prey are common (Barber and Smith, 1981;Pauly and Christensen, 1995;Hazen et al, 2013;Scales et al, 2014). While surface waters were clearly important, there was a high degree variability in vertical habitat.…”

Section: Vertical Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus) Movements in the Eastern North Pacific Determined Using Satellite Telemetry

et al. 2018

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“…Table 2. Different multisize impacts (micro/meso/macro) identified and described in terms of spatial area and length [39,40].…”

Section: Holistic Sustainability For Urban Waste Management: What Doementioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic Sustainability Framework for Waste Management in European Cities: Concept Development

et al. 2018

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Waste management represents a challenge for public authorities due to many reasons such as increased waste generation following urban population growth, economic burdens imposed on the municipal budget, and nuisances inevitably caused to the environment and local inhabitants. To optimize the system from a sustainability perspective, moving the transition towards a more circular economy, a better understanding of the different stages of waste management is necessary. A review of recently developed sustainability frameworks for waste management showed that no single framework captures all the instruments needed to ultimately provide a solid basis for comprehensive analyses of the potential burdens associated with urban waste management. Bearing this limitation in mind, the objective of this research is to propose a conceptual and comprehensive sustainability framework to support decision-making in waste management of European cities. The framework comprises a combination of methods capable of identifying future strategies and scenarios, to assess different types of impacts based on a life cycle perspective, and considers the value of waste streams, the actors involved, and possible constraints of implementing scenarios. The social, economic, environmental, technical and political domains are covered, and special attention is paid to impacts affecting foremost the local population.

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“…Within such a restricted geographic region, it is expected that population characteristics could be preserved over an extended period of time (Hazen et al 2013). The purpose of the present study was to follow the krill stock here to provide detailed information on seasonal development of sexual maturation, sex ratio and other population parameters such as abundance and distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such areas likely provide both good food availability and shelter from offshore currents heading toward less productive areas (Hazen et al 2013). The hotspots are likely of high importance for the entire pelagic ecosystem and are typically adjacent to important breeding areas for land-based krill predators (Constable and Nicol 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) hotspot: population characteristics, abundance and vertical structure explored from a krill fishing vessel

2015

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Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) aggregate in various ways depending on a range of biological and physical factors. In some areas, typically associated with bathymetric features such as shelf edges and canyons, they may aggregate densely to form hotspots. Despite the importance of such hotspots, their development over time in demographic composition and spatial distribution is not well understood. A fishing vessel during regular operation was used for collection of krill demographic and acoustic data on the shelf northwest of South Orkney Islands. Results show a decrease in the proportion of subadult males, partly reflected in an increase in mature adult males. Concurrently, there was a change in the proportion of males in the sampled population from 0.8 to 0.3, indicating immigration or emigration of krill through the hotspot. A clear trend was observed in the diurnal vertical distribution with deeper and more vertically compact swarms during the day. However, some days displayed very small differences between the day and night distribution and considerable variability in the daytime depth distribution. It was noted that although fishing was carried out during the entire period of the study, there was no obvious trend in the acoustic backscatter, suggesting that the overall krill density was not changing during this period. Using a fishing vessel as a research platform has advantages for understanding the dynamics of the fishery and in quantifying biological and physical processes during actual exploitation of these resources.

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Scales and mechanisms of marine hotspot formation

Cited by 78 publications

References 77 publications

Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus) Movements in the Eastern North Pacific Determined Using Satellite Telemetry

Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus) Movements in the Eastern North Pacific Determined Using Satellite Telemetry

A Holistic Sustainability Framework for Waste Management in European Cities: Concept Development

An Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) hotspot: population characteristics, abundance and vertical structure explored from a krill fishing vessel

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