“…During the 2000s, China began strongly supporting the development of its wind (Dai et al 2014;, solar photovoltaics ) and nuclear (World Nuclear Association 2016) industries. While there have been ups and downs, China has had considerable success in developing internationally competitive companies with innovative capabilities in these industries (Nahm and Steinfeld 2014). As noted earlier, as China transitions to its new growth model, it needs, and indeed aspires, to rely more on productivity improvements, innovation and higher value-added sectors for its industrial growth.…”