Scale Recycling Through Self-Reducing Briquettes to Use in EAF

Bagatini, Maurício Covcevich; Zymla, Victor; Osório, Eduardo; Vilela, Antônio Cezar Faria

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-242

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Most studies focusing on biomass applications in ironmaking refer to the volatiles as an adjacent energy source or their effects on reactivity [9]. The role of biomass as a reducing agent to iron oxides has been typically approached through iron ore-carbon composites [3,[10][11][12]. Some studies have demonstrated that iron oxides can be partially reduced by the volatiles in these composites [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have demonstrated that iron oxides can be partially reduced by the volatiles in these composites [13][14][15]. Despite that, it is difficult to approach the fundamental aspects related to iron ore reduction by volatiles in these composites since the CO generated from the gasification of fixed carbon through the Boudouard reaction plays a predominant role on reduction [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Bagatini

Kan

Evans

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The use of biomass in different routes of ironmaking has been recently investigated. Although the volatile matter is the major constituent of the biomass, its contribution as reducing agent has not been explored in detail. This work aimed to investigate the reduction of iron ore by biomass volatiles and elucidate the steps involved, searching for optimization of its use in the ironmaking industry. Experiments with biomass and iron ore packed beds placed separately were carried out in the interval between 200 and 1000 °C in an infrared furnace. Iron ore reduction was observed at low temperatures (< 800 °C) and increased up to 1000 °C, where wustite, metallic iron and cementite were detected by XRD. Carbon deposition at low temperatures and carbothermic reduction at high temperatures were identified through carbon analysis and thermal profile measures. At low temperature the reduction occurred mainly by the non-condensable gases (CO, H 2 ) from biomass pyrolysis and tar cracking reactions, while from 800 °C the reduction advanced by carbon deposited on the iron ore. The activation energy for the carbothermic reduction indicated the carbon gasification as the reaction-limiting step. The deposited carbon proved to be more reactive than other carbon sources commonly used in the ironmaking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Bagatini

Kan

Evans

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…During the steel production process, twice as many input materials are used compared to the finished products. This produces a large amount of post-production waste, namely: blast furnace slag and steel converter slag, blast furnace gas, basic oxygen furnace gas, blast furnace sludge, blast furnace dust, steel sludge, dust from dedusting of a casthouse, sinter sludge and sintering dust, scale and mill scale [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. By-products produced by the steel industry are suitable for, either direct or after preparation, re-usage in steelmaking processes and non-metallurgical industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Reduction of Selected Iron-Bearing Waste Materials

et al. 2021

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During the steel production process, nearly twice as many input materials are used as compared to finished products. This creates a large amount of post-production waste, including slag, dust, and sludge. New iron production technologies enable the reuse and recycling of metallurgical waste. This paper presents an investigation on the reduction of selected iron-bearing waste materials in a laboratory rotary furnace. Iron-bearing waste materials in the form of dust, scale, and sludge were obtained from several Polish metallurgical plants as research material. A chemical analysis made it possible to select samples with sufficiently high iron content for testing. The assumed iron content limit in waste materials was 40 wt.% Fe. A sieve analysis of the samples used in the subsequent stages of the research was also performed. The tests carried out with the use of a CO as a reducer, at a temperature of 1000 °C, allowed to obtain high levels of metallization of the samples for scale 91.6%, dust 66.9%, and sludge 97.3%. These results indicate that in the case of sludge and scale, the degree of metallization meets the requirements for charge materials used in both blast furnace (BF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking processes, while in the case of reduced dust, this material can be used as enriched charge in the blast furnace process. Reduction studies were also carried out using a gas mixture of CO and H2 (50 vol.% CO + 50 vol.% H2). The introduction of hydrogen as a reducing agent in reduction processes meets the urgent need of reducing CO2 emissions. The obtained results confirm the great importance and influence of the selection of the right amount of reducer on the achievement of a high degree of metallization and that these materials can be a valuable source of metallic charge for blast furnace and steelmaking processes. At an earlier stage of the established research program, experiments of the iron oxides reduction from iron-bearing waste materials in a stationary layer in a Tammann furnace were also conducted.

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“…Researchers have demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing briquettes produced using side streams in EAF steelmaking with the purpose of recycling metal oxides and creating slag foaming. [10][11][12][13] Several testing standards are used to assess…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Self‐Reducing and Slag‐Forming Briquettes for Electric Arc Furnace Use Based on Laboratory Tests

Abdelrahim

Aula

Iljana

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The in‐plant recycling routes of side streams produced in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking remain underexplored. Briquetting is an attractive technique to enable their recycle. Briquettes introduced into EAF must possess certain mechanical and chemical properties. However, no standard is available to determine the suitability of briquettes used in the EAF process. Herein, eight side streams are characterized, and used to produce seven different briquettes to be used in EAF. Briquettes tested consist of four self‐reducing briquettes and three slag‐forming briquettes produced using different recipes. The briquettes are subjected to several mechanical and thermal tests which reflect their intended use in EAF. The mechanical tests include compression and drop tests, and the thermal tests include optical dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)–derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)–mass spectrometry (MS), and full‐scale briquette reduction tests. Moreover, melting trials are performed to assess the melting behavior of selected briquettes and their interaction with slag. Suitability of briquettes characteristics is assessed based on values from the literature and against reference ferroalloys and lime stones used in one of the steel plants. Two briquettes are deemed suitable for EAF use, while three briquettes are deemed unsuitable, and two briquettes are considered of limited use.

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Scale Recycling Through Self-Reducing Briquettes to Use in EAF

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Iron Ore Reduction by Biomass Volatiles

Research on Reduction of Selected Iron-Bearing Waste Materials

Suitability of Self‐Reducing and Slag‐Forming Briquettes for Electric Arc Furnace Use Based on Laboratory Tests

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