Scale morphology and phylogenetic character mapping of scale-surface microstructures in sixteen Aphanius species (Teleostei: Aphaniidae)

Esmaeili, Hamid Reza; Zarei, Fatah; Vahed, Nafiseh Sanjarani; Masoudi, Mojtaba

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2019.01.002

Cited by 22 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The ctenoid polygonal scale has also been observed in the tank goby, Glossogobius giuris (see Esmaeili et al, 2009). It has been proposed that the polygonal state in the scales might be a primitive shared character state of cyprinodontiforme fishes (Teimori, Motamedi, and Manizadeh (2017); Esmaeili et al (2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surfaces are a crucial and fundamental feature of life allowing organisms to interact with the world around them (Wainwright, 2019). Scales that cover the external fish body provide an interesting surface with numerous characteristics in their structures which can be used to study fish taxonomy (at the species and higher ranks), sexual dimorphism, age determination and growth, past environment experienced by fish, discriminating between hatchery‐reared and wild populations, migration, environmental pollution of the water, and phylogenetic studies (Chu, 1935; Cui, Qiao, & Zhu, 2019; Dapar, Torres, Fabricante, & Demayo, 2012; Das, 1959; Esmaeili, Hojat Ansari, & Teimory, 2007; Esmaeili, Zarei, Vahed, & Masoudi, 2019; Ferrito, Corsaro, & Tigano, 2003; Jawad, 2005; Lanzing & Higginbotham, 1974; Seshappa, 1999). The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has greatly increased the importance of scale morphology in ichthyological studies (Esmaeili et al, 2007; Esmaeili et al, 2019; Esmaeili, Baghbani, Zareian, & Shahryari, 2009; Jawad, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of scales in gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) using the scanning electron microscope

Sadeghi

Esmaeili

Teimori

et al. 2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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To study scale based phylogenetic affinity, the ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of body key scales were studied for 12 gobiid species from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf including Qeshm and Hormuz Islands and the Makran coast of the Oman Sea using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The scales were removed from below the first dorsal fin, cleaned in potassium hydroxide solution 1%, and were prepared for the SEM imaging. The presence of both ctenoid and cycloid scales in the studied gobiids was revealed. The focus of ctenoid scales was positioned posteriorly, while the focus of cycloid scales was positioned in the postero-central part of the scale. In all the studied species, radii were located only on the anterior part of the scale, and the primary radii were dominant. Also, there were no granules in the inter circular space, but bifurcation was observed in some circuli.In most species, the teeth-like structures called lepidonts were present on the crest of circuli, which functionally help to firmly attach the scales to the epithelium. The dendrogram of the between-groups-linkage method sorted the gobiid species into the two main groups of five distinct clusters: (a) Cryptocentroides arabicus and Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (the Cryptocentrus-lineage); (b) Bathygobius meggitti and Bathygobius cocosensis (the Glossogobius-lineage); (c) Coryogalops adamsoni and Coryogalops tessellatus (the Gobius-lineage); (d) Acentrogobius dayi, Istigobius ornatus,Favonigobius reichei, Aulopareia ocellata, and Silhouettea ghazalae (the Gobiopsis-lineage). It seems that the dendrogram topology obtained based on the macro-and microscopic structures of scales, reveals phylogenetic lineages of gobies that have already been proposed for these taxa. Hence, the results of this study are largely consistent with the previous molecular studies on the gobiid fishes and implied that besides other data, the analysis of scale shape and scale-surface microstructures could be served to study the diversification of gobiid species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of scales in gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) using the scanning electron microscope

Sadeghi

Esmaeili

Teimori

et al. 2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…The Near East, especially Iran and Turkey host the largest number of species [11,16,40,44,66]. As mentioned above, numerous authors have so far studied different aspects of these fishes, including the phenotypic variation, embryology, allopatric distribution, species diversity, historical zoogeography, evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships [11,23,28,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. Particularly, significant progress has been made during the past decade to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Aphanius species in the Near East [10, 15, 19-22, 40, 44, 46-48, 50, 51, 80-82].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World tooth-carps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)

et al. 2020

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The fishes, which have currently named Aphanius Nardo, 1827 are the relict of the ancient ichthyofauna of the Tethys Sea. For a long time since 1827, the genus name has been subjected to revision by several researchers using mainly morphological features. Until recently, no comprehensive single-or multi-locus DNA barcoding study has been conducted on whole members of the family Aphaniidae. In the present study, by applying four conceptually different molecular species delimitation methods, including one distance-based method, one network-based and two topology-based methods, we examined a single-locus DNA barcode library (COI) diversity for the 268 sequences within the family Aphaniidae from the Old World (57 sequences are new in the present study and 211 sequences were retrieved from NCBI database). The molecular analyses revealed a clearer picture of intra-family relationships and allowed us to clarify the generic names, and also describe a new genus for the family Aphaniidae. Results supported distinction of three major clades related to three genera within this family: i) the first clade includes the A. mento group which are placed in a new genus, Paraphanius gen. nov., found in the Orontes (= Asi) and Tigris-Euphrates River drainage, the Levant in coastal waters and the Dead Sea basin, western Jordan, and in southern Turkey in the Mediterranean basins as well as in central Turkey. This clade positioned at the base of the phylogenetic tree, (ii) the second clade contains the A. dispar-like brackish water tooth-carps which are transferred to the genus Aphaniops Hoedeman, 1951 (type species, Lebias dispar), distributed in the coastal waters around the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf basins; and (iii) the third clade, the genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (type species Aphanius nanus = A. fasciatus) contains all the inland and inland-related tooth-carps, which are mainly distributed in the inland waters in Turkey and Iran and also in the inland-related drainages around the Mediterranean basin.

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“…The scale images were captured with a TESCAN vega3 instrument, Shiraz University) at 15kV. The general terminology used for scale morphology follows previous works on Aphanius species (e.g., Esmaeili et al, 2019; Gholami et al, 2013; Teimori, Motamedi, & Manizadeh, 2017) (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale terminology follows previous works on Aphanius scales (e.g. Esmaeili, Zarei, Vahed, & Masoudi, 2019; Gholami et al, 2013; Teimori et al, 2017). PR, primary radii; SR, secondary radii…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the hybridization phenomenon traceable in the otolith and scale of extant Aphanius species? – A case study on hybrid offsprings of Aphanius farsicus X A. sophiae (Teleostei: Aphaniidae)

et al. 2020

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The otolith and scale were analysed in the hybrid offsprings between two Aphanius species, that is, A. farsicus and A. sophiae to evaluate if they are suitable to trace hybridization. An artificial reciprocal hybridization was performed between two species. The hybrids of A. farsicus♂ × A. sophiae♀ had otoliths with long and pointed rostrum with a narrow depression in the middle of the ventral rim. The otoliths of hybrids between A. farsicus♀ × A. sophiae♂ were more close to A. sophiae♂. As a result, the otolith contour of the hybrids was intermediate to those of the parents. Therefore, we suggest that some variations observed in the otoliths of Aphanius species may be resulted by hybridization particularly when they are sympatric or has geographic overlap. Also, no remarkable differences were found between the scales of hybrids and parents. This indicated that scale morphology and surface microstructures are not suitable for tracing the hybridization. If these species are sympatric due to possible translocation, it causes the genetic introgression of a native species through hybridization. This must be particularly considered in the conservation programme of endangered A. farsicus because artificial transplantation and consequent hybridization can lead to the extinction of this critically endangered species.

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Scale morphology and phylogenetic character mapping of scale-surface microstructures in sixteen Aphanius species (Teleostei: Aphaniidae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Comparative ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of scales in gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) using the scanning electron microscope

Comparative ultrastructure and ornamentation characteristics of scales in gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) using the scanning electron microscope

DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World tooth-carps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)

Is the hybridization phenomenon traceable in the otolith and scale of extant Aphanius species? – A case study on hybrid offsprings of Aphanius farsicus X A. sophiae (Teleostei: Aphaniidae)

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