Scale invariance in fNIRS as a measurement of cognitive load

Zhuang, Chu; Meidenbauer, Kimberly Lewis; Kardan, Omid; Stier, Andrew J.; Choe, Kyoung Whan; Cardenas‐Iniguez, Carlos; Huppert, Theodore J.; Berman, Marc G.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2022.05.009

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The SNI is an objective tool used to identify channels with high systematic noise. Similar to Zhuang et al [53], we identified 'bad' channels as those with a SNI < 2. The total number of 'bad' channels for HbO was 11 and for HbR was 31 out of a total of 2,772 channels (number of channels x number of participants x two conditions).…”

Section: Fnirs Data Preprocessing and Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Two data quality checks were implemented, one pre and one post subject-level analysis. First, we calculated the Structured Noise Index (SNI) of HbO and HbR data, as described in Zhuang et al [ 53 ]. The SNI is an objective tool used to identify channels with high systematic noise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, participants had an average of 0.4% ‘bad’ channels for HbO and 1.1% of ‘bad’ channels for HbR. Given so few ‘bad’ channels, compared to Zhuang et al [ 53 ], and the use of robust methods in the subject-level analysis which is well known to down-weight the effects of outliers (see below), no participants were excluded at this stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the dual task, the distribution of attentional resources to simultaneous processes as well as added items to remember, monitor, and update, requires additional mental resources [ 49 ] corresponding to our higher cognitive load condition. To prevent cognitive fatigue [ 53 ], we only used two load levels: a single and a dual 2-back task. We chose a 2-back as this level has shown age-related compensatory effects whilst not being too easy or too difficult for the participants to perform.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct age-related brain activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex when increasing cognitive load: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Ranchod,

Rakobowchuk,

Gonzalez

2023

PLoS ONE

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Researchers have long observed distinct brain activity patterns in older adults compared with younger adults that correlate with cognitive performance. Mainly, older adults tend to show over-recruitment of bilateral brain regions during lower task loads and improved performance interpreted as compensation, but not observed at higher loads. However, there are discrepancies about whether increases in activity are compensatory and whether older adults can show compensation at higher loads. Our aim was to examine age-related differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and cognitive performance using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during single and dual N-back tasks. Twenty-seven young adults (18–27 years) and 31 older adults (64–84 yrs) took part in the study. We used a robust fNIRS data methodology consisting of channel and region of interest analyses. Results showed differences in performance between task load conditions and age-related differences in reaction times but no age-group effects for accuracy. Older adults exhibited more bilateral PFC activation compared with young adults across all tasks and showed increases in brain activity in high compared to low load conditions. Our findings further support previous reports showing that older adults use compensatory recruitment of additional brain regions in PFC to maintain cognitive performance but go against the notion that such compensation is not present at higher cognitive loads. Additionally, our results indicate that fNIRS is a sensitive tool that can characterize adaptive cortical changes in healthy aging.

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Section: Fnirs Data Preprocessing and Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distinct age-related brain activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex when increasing cognitive load: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Ranchod,

Rakobowchuk,

Gonzalez

2023

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…The non-invasive optical method fNIRS can detect hemodynamic alterations in the cortex by quantifying changes in near-infrared light that pass through the skull ( 24 , 25 ). This technique has been proven to be effective in assessing cortical-activity responses to alterations in oxygenation based on the association of neuronal activity to regional cerebral blood flow ( 26 , 27 ). Unlike other neuroimaging techniques, including fMRI, fNIRS has many advantages, which comprise high temporal resolution, low cost, and tolerance of motion artifacts, and relative portability ( 28 , 29 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal activation in problematic smartphone users during the Stroop task: An fNIRS study

Xiang

Liu²,

Song³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionThe widespread use of smartphones has triggered concern over problematic smartphone use (PSPU), as well as the need to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. However, the correlation between cortical activation and deficient inhibitory control in PSPU remains unclear.MethodsThis study examined inhibitory control using the color–word matching Stroop task and its cortical-activation responses using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in college students with PSPU (n = 56) compared with a control group (n = 54).ResultsAt the behavioral level, Stroop interference, coupled with reaction time, was significantly greater in the PSPU group than in the control group. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) signals associated with Stroop interference were significantly increased in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, left frontopolar area, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, the PSPU group had lower Oxy-Hb signal changes associated with Stroop interference in the left-DLPFC, relative to controls.DiscussionThese results provide first behavioral and neuroscientific evidence using event-related fNIRS method, to our knowledge, that college students with PSPU may have a deficit in inhibitory control associated with lower cortical activation in the left-DLPFC.

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Motivation-related influences on fNIRS signals during walking exercise: a permutation entropy approach

Schwab,

Cooper,

Carver

et al. 2023

Exp Brain Res

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Scale invariance in fNIRS as a measurement of cognitive load

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Distinct age-related brain activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex when increasing cognitive load: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Distinct age-related brain activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex when increasing cognitive load: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal activation in problematic smartphone users during the Stroop task: An fNIRS study

Motivation-related influences on fNIRS signals during walking exercise: a permutation entropy approach

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