Scale Formation and Degradation of Diffusion Coatings Deposited on 9% Cr Steel in Molten Solar Salt

Oskay, Ceyhun; Meißner, T.M.; Dobler, Carmen; Grégoire, Benjamin; Galetz, Mathias C.

doi:10.3390/coatings9100687

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…The blue cluster is related to thermal energy storage materials. In the green cluster, different keywords related to different types of steel ("martensitic steel" and "ferritic steel") [68][69][70][71][72], and "alloy" [18,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] can be noted. However, "stainless steel" belongs to the second cluster because it is the most common material used for storage structures and relates to the evaluation of corrosion effects by molten salts [18,19,64,67,75,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Map on Corrosion in Concentrating Solar Power Plants

2022

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Concentrating solar power (CSP), also known as solar thermal electricity (STE), is increasing its deployment worldwide. One of the potential ways to decrease costs in CSP plants is the improvement of corrosion resistance between the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and storage materials, and the materials used for pipes, tanks, containers, and receivers. This paper assesses the literature on this topic (290 publications) through a bibliometric analysis, identifying the trends of the research, the topics of most interest to researchers, and literature gaps. Most documents are from Spain, Germany, and the United States of America. Results show that the most recent approaches for corrosion migration are selective coatings and the use of nanoparticles to reduce corrosiveness. The use of nitrates is changing to other salts such as chloride mixtures and potassium compounds. In addition, the techniques used to evaluate corrosion results are dominated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical testing, but new dynamic techniques are starting to be used, representing the biggest gap that needs to be filled for the testing of components such as solar receivers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Map on Corrosion in Concentrating Solar Power Plants

2022

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“…Notably, when chromizing C-containing alloys by pack cementation, usually a thin Cr23C6 top layer has been observed [36,37]. However, with this novel slurry process, no Cr23C6 layer was detected.…”

Section: Cr-si Slurry Coating Processmentioning

confidence: 93%

Novel Cr/Si-Slurry Diffusion Coatings for High Temperatures

Kerbstadt,

White,

Galetz

2023

Materials

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Surface enrichment in Al, Si, and Cr can greatly improve high temperature oxidation resistance of many alloys. Al, Si, and Cr coatings are commonly applied via simple slurries or more complex pack cementation processes. Due to the high melting point of Cr, the deposition of Cr-based diffusion coatings by the slurry technique has proved challenging, and to date, Cr has mostly been applied by pack cementation. Here, a novel Cr-Si coating process via the slurry technique is described which has been developed and then demonstrated on two Ni-based superalloys, Rene 80 and Inconel 740H. The addition of Si to the slurry lowers the melting point via a Cr-Si eutectic and enables the formation of a liquid phase during heat treatment. Through this Cr-Si slurry coating process diffusion layers enriched by Cr and Si of about 150 µm were achieved. Oxidation behavior was studied through isothermal exposures at 900 °C for 1000 h in lab air. Uncoated Rene 80 and IN740H both showed formation of a Ti-containing Cr2O3 scale below a thin TiO2 top layer. Underneath the external scale a zone of internally oxidized Al grew over the exposure time and reduced the load-bearing cross-section progressively. In comparison, the Cr/Si-coated samples did not show internal Al oxidation, but a slow-growing Si-rich oxide film underneath the external Cr2O3 scale. This subscale represents an additional oxygen diffusion barrier. Thus, the weight gain during exposure for the coated samples was significantly lower than for the uncoated materials.

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“…Aluminium-diffusion coated using a powder pack cementation process has been applied to increase both vessels' durability [7] . The vessel's lid was designed to allow gas flow in and out of the vessel and mount a thermocouple for calibration.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional data and experimental setups, for a comparative study of alloys in contact to eutectic melts for thermal storage

2021

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Three different eutectic salt mixtures have been brought into contact with three different high temperature alloys to assess corrosion damages for next-generation CSPs. This article contains additional material to support findings and assessments reported on our main article in the Solar Energy Journal [ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.06.069 ]. Five sections, A-E, provide data to ensure reproducibility and confidence in our claims in the main article. A newly designed experimental setup for high temperature exposures is described as well as impurities within used chemicals. Material thickness measurements document alloy consumption by eutectic salts. Reaction enthalpies are listed illustrating individual metal species in contact with salt species at relevant temperatures. Thermodynamic single point equilibrium calculations have extended environmentally induced Laves phase precipitation found for alloy Kanthal APMT in contact with molten chlorides.

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Scale Formation and Degradation of Diffusion Coatings Deposited on 9% Cr Steel in Molten Solar Salt

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Bibliometric Map on Corrosion in Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Bibliometric Map on Corrosion in Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Novel Cr/Si-Slurry Diffusion Coatings for High Temperatures

Additional data and experimental setups, for a comparative study of alloys in contact to eutectic melts for thermal storage

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