Scale Development Practices in the Measurement of Spirituality

Abstract

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.

Ethical Mindsets: An Australian Study

“…The same would apply to aesthetics, both being inner values. They suggest that ethno-methodological techniques, qualitative techniques and traditionbased stories, are more appropriate research methods than positivist methods (see also Fornaciari et al, 2005). While other scholars have argued that the two approaches can complement one another (see, for example, Lee, 1999;Parry, 1998), few scholars other than Benefiel (2003) have provided the philosophical foundation for that claim.…”

Intentional intelligence and the intentional intelligence quotient (IIQ): construct development and scale validation integrating mindfulness, self‐agency, and positive thought flow

“…Starting with our conceptual model of intentional intelligence, each item we wrote needed to capture intentional intelligence's process and content components of thought mindfulness and agentic choice of those positive thoughts. As recommended by Fornaciari et al (2005) we intentionally included items that were either positively framed, such that strong agreement would indicate high intentional intelligence, or negatively framed, such that strong disagreement would indicate low intentional intelligence. This resulted in a list of 31 items.…”

“…To assess the validity of the IIQ scale we employed the common scale development framework described by DeVellis (2003), Fornaciari et al (2005), and Hinkin (1998). To be meaningful and useful, the IIQ needs to measure the construct of intentional intelligence, needs to be a reliable measure, and needs to be distinct from related scales.…”

“…Application requires two aspects. First, empirically validated "assessment instrument[s]" (Braud, 2009, p. 63;Lund Dean et al 2003;Fornaciari et al 2005;Giacalone et al 2005b) that measure spirituality are necessary to operationalize spirituality and mature the field (Fornaciari and Lund Dean 2004;Kinjerski and Skrypnek 2004, p. 27). Second, employment of these metrics as methods to assess and enhance organizational performance is a natural extension of this work (Jurkiewicz and Giacalone 2004;Geh and Tan 2009).…”

“…1 Second, intentional intelligence relies on another domain of inquiry aligned with spirituality -positive organizational scholarship (Cameron et al 2003;Luthans and Youssef 2007;Avey et al 2010). 2 Third, the IIQ has a connection to existing scales in the spirituality and management field (Fornaciari et al 2005). Although not a direct derivation of spiritual intelligence and associated metrics (Zohar and Marshall 2000;Vaughan 2002; Amram and Dryer 2008;King and DeCicco 2009), intentional intelligence also addresses the ultimate source of thought, a metaphysically transcendent realm of consciousness (Ashforth and Pratt 2003;Steingard 2005;2008, p. 93) or "pure spirituality" (Schmidt-Wilk et al 2000) informing spiritual intelligence.…”