Scale-dependent impacts of urban and agricultural land use on nutrients, sediment, and runoff

Lacher, Iara; Ahmadisharaf, Ebrahim; Fergus, Craig; Akre, Thomas S.; McShea, William J.; Benham, Brian Leslie; Kline, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.370

Cited by 69 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To measure habitat variables, we used ArcGIS 10.7 (Environmental Systems Research Institute [ESRI], Inc., Redlands, CA, USA) to create a land cover map of the camera trapping area based on the reclassification of the 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD-Appendix Table A1) with 30 m resolution land cover data modified on the Anderson Level II classification system, from previous CLI research iterations [22,27]. Reclassification was based on generalized landscape characteristics, Following each deployment, we extracted the raw detection data for each species and created daily detection histories for each site with a minimum of one week of sampling and we truncated the detection histories at 30 days to realize closure for the sites.…”

Section: Covariates and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…">Study AreaOur study area was a 32,500 km 2 region of northern Virginia centered on the Shenandoah National Park. This area included the 15 counties plus a 5 km buffer that formed the core study area of the Changing Landscapes Initiative (CLI), a collaborative program initiated in 2015 to guide regional planning efforts with the goals of long-term preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services [19,22]. Roughly 55% of the study area is forested.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The remaining forest occurs in patches that are largely privately-owned with variation in protection from future development across land owners. Other major land cover types include grasslands, composed of both pasture and herbaceous cover (~33%); urban developments (~7%); and agricultural crops (~5%) [22].…”

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Projecting Mammal Distributions in Response to Future Alternative Landscapes in a Rapidly Transitioning Region

et al. 2019

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Finding balance between the needs of people and wildlife is an essential component of planning sustainable landscapes. Because mammals make up a diverse and ecologically important taxon with varying responses to human disturbance, we used representative mammal species to examine how alternative land-use policies might affect their habitats and distributions in the near future. We used wildlife detections from camera traps at 1591 locations along a large-scale urban to wild gradient in northern Virginia, to create occupancy models which determined land cover relationships and the drivers of contemporary mammal distributions. From the 15 species detected, we classified five representative species into two groups based on their responses to human development; sensitive species (American black bears and bobcats) and synanthropic species (red foxes, domestic cats, and white-tailed deer). We then used the habitat models for the representative species to predict their distributions under four future planning scenarios based on strategic versus reactive planning and high or low human population growth. The distributions of sensitive species did not shrink drastically under any scenario, whereas the distributions of synanthropic species increased in response to anthropogenic development, but the magnitude of the response varied based on the projected rate of human population growth. This is likely because most sensitive species are dependent on large, protected public lands in the region, and the majority of projected habitat losses should occur in non-protected private lands. These findings illustrate the importance of public protected lands in mitigating range loss due to land use changes, and the potential positive impact of strategic planning in further mitigating mammalian diversity loss in private lands. mammal diversity and distribution data [14,15]. Despite the increasing availability of wildlife data, few studies have integrated these data to map the distributions of mammal species in regions undergoing expansive land changes [12,16]. These projected species distribution models can then be used to predict range shifts in response to future landscape scenarios, such as those projected under climate change [17,18]. Contemporary biodiversity data provide valuable snapshots of mammal distributions, but they have not been applied to projections of land cover change to forecast community distributions in the future. These predictions would be informative to stakeholders, as they coordinate and select planning policies to preserve biodiversity and their associated ecosystem services.We projected changes in a suite of habitat-relevant land cover types for a rapidly changing landscape in northern Virginia under four different scenarios that varied in policy to plan development strategically (e.g., urban centralized) or reactively (e.g., sprawling) over the next 50 years, while accounting for differences in the rate of human population growth [19]. Scenario planning is a strategic planning approach whereby alternate storyl...

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Projecting Mammal Distributions in Response to Future Alternative Landscapes in a Rapidly Transitioning Region

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“…Gao et al, 2013;Kreiling and Houser, 2016;Li et al, 2016), using process-based watershed and landscape models (e.g. Ficklin et a., 2013;Lacher et al, 2019) and teasing apart water-quality and streamflow records to identify and estimate the amount of change due to human actions or climate and hydrology (e.g. Wu et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013;Li et al, 2016;Murphy and Sprague, 2019;Choquette et al, 2019;Rossi et al, 2009).…”

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Declining suspended sediment in United States rivers and streams: Linking sediment trends to changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate

Murphy¹

2019

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Abstract. Between 1992 and 2012, concentrations of annual mean suspended sediment decreased at over half (58 %) of the 137 stream sites assessed across the contiguous United States (US). Increases occurred at 17 % of the sites and the direction of change was uncertain at the remaining 25 %. Sediment trends were characterized using the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season model, and decreases in sediment ranged from −95 % to −8.5 % of the 1992 concentration. To explore potential drivers of these changes, the sediment trends were (1) parsed into two broad contributors of change, changes in land management versus changes in the streamflow regime, and (2) grouped by land use of the watershed and correlated to concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate and static/long-term watershed characteristics. At 83 % of the sites, changes in land management (captured by changes in the concentration–streamflow relationship over time) contributed more to the change in the sediment trend than changes in the streamflow regime alone (i.e. any systematic change in the magnitude, frequency or timing of flows). However, at > 60 % of the sites, changes in the streamflow regime contributed at least a 5 % change in sediment and at 10 sites changes in the streamflow regime contributed over half the change in sediment, indicating that at many sites changes in streamflow were not the main driver of changes in sediment but was often an important supporting factor. Correlations between sediment trends and concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate were often stronger at sites draining watersheds with more homogenous, human-related land uses (i.e. agricultural and urban lands) compared to mixed-use or undeveloped lands. At many sites, decreases in sediment occurred despite small to moderate increases in the amount of urban or agricultural land in the watershed, suggesting conservation efforts to reduce sediment runoff to streams may be successful, up to a point, even as lands are converted to urban and agricultural uses.

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“…Recentemente tem-se observado estudos, que utilizam técnicas de sensoriamento remoto em conjunto com o sistema Dinâmica EGO para avaliar o planejamento urbano e qualidade ambiental. (WANG et al, 2016;STAN;SANCHEZ-AZOFEIFA, 2017;LACHER et al, 2019).…”

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Análise Do Insulamento De Unidades De Conservação Devido a Pressões Antrópicas De Conversão Do Uso Do Solo

Camelo¹,

Sanches²

2019

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RESUMO As mudanças da estrutura e composição da paisagem, além do isolamento das áreas de preservação impactam no provimento dos serviços ecossistêmicos locais. Tais alterações do uso do solo podem ser minimizadas com politicas de planejamento do uso do solo. O uso de modeladores do uso do solo é uma ferramenta de fundamental importância para que essas medidas de planejamento atinjam seus objetivos uma vez que são capazes de predizer a tendência do uso futuro do solo. Neste trabalho foi realizada a modelagem da tendência do uso e ocupação do solo da Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas e sua zona tampão localizada no Distrito Federal para o ano de 2060. Além do uso e ocupação atual do solo, foram modelados e avaliados dois cenários futuros. A integridade da paisagem foi avaliada por meio de métricas da paisagem. A modelagem do uso do solo obteve um índice de similaridade mínima de 0,79 e máxima de 0,95 em janelas 5X5 e em janelas 11X11 o índice mínimo foi de 0,88 e o máximo de 0,99. A maior taxa de transição do uso do solo foi do uso Natural para o Agrícola a uma taxa de 4 % ao ano e uma taxa de transição do uso Natural para o Urbano de 1% ao ano. Em decorrência disso, nos dois cenários simulados foi observada uma paisagem dominada por esses dois usos. A presença da UC impeditivo para conversão do solo, no entanto sua zona tampão foi totalmente convertida. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: áreas protegidas, métricas da paisagem, mudança do uso do solo.

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Scale-dependent impacts of urban and agricultural land use on nutrients, sediment, and runoff

Cited by 69 publications

References 31 publications

Projecting Mammal Distributions in Response to Future Alternative Landscapes in a Rapidly Transitioning Region

Projecting Mammal Distributions in Response to Future Alternative Landscapes in a Rapidly Transitioning Region

Declining suspended sediment in United States rivers and streams: Linking sediment trends to changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate

Análise Do Insulamento De Unidades De Conservação Devido a Pressões Antrópicas De Conversão Do Uso Do Solo

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