Scale-dependence of Cope's rule in body size evolution of Paleozoic brachiopods

Novack-Gottshall, Philip M.; Lanier, Michael A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0709645105

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Body size trends over the Phanerozoic have been the focus of great interest recently, again because of the many different biological processes that are directly related to the size of adults and the pattern of size increase over ontogeny (He et al 2007, Novack-Gottshall & Lanier 2008, Payne & Clapham 2012. Zhang et al (2015) compiled size data on more than 3,400 brachiopod genera and discovered two distinct modes, in the Paleozoic (size increase) and post-Paleozoic (indistinguishable from a random walk), consistent with the complete reset of macroevolutionary pattern by the action of the end-Permian extinction event.…”

Section: Geological History Of Brachiopods P a L E O Z O I C M E S O mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

Carlson

2016

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil record by virtue of their considerable diversity, abundance, and long evolutionary history, fewer than 500 species are extant. Reconciling the geological and biological perspectives is necessary in order to test hypotheses, not only about phylogenetic relationships among brachiopods but also about their spectacular decline in diversity in the end-Permian mass extinction, which permanently reset their evolutionary trajectory. Studying brachiopod ontogeny and development, population genetics, ecology, physiology, and biogeography, as well as molecular systematics and phylogenomics, enables us to better understand the context of evolutionary processes over the short term. Investigating brachiopod morphological, taxonomic, and stratigraphic records over the Phanerozoic Eon reveals historical patterns of long-term macroevolutionary change, patterns that are simply unknowable from a biological perspective alone.

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Section: Geological History Of Brachiopods P a L E O Z O I C M E S O mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

Carlson

2016

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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“…Indirect tests of the sign of m, based either on the mass distribution within subclades (McShea 1994;Wang 2001) or on changes to minimum and maximum masses within a subclade over geologic time (Jablonski 1997), may be adequate if confounding hypotheses can be eliminated or if an appropriate null model is available. On the other hand, the most accurate method remains the direct analysis of large amounts of ancestor-descendant data (Alroy 1998(Alroy , 2000bNovack-Gottshall and Lanier 2008), preferably when derived from as realistic a phylogeny as possible. An alternative approach, however, could use the systematic relationship between m and b ( fig.…”

Section: Avian Body Mass Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Many Species Have Mass M?

Clauset

Schwab

Redner

2009

The American Naturalist

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Within large taxonomic assemblages, the number of species with adult body mass M is characterized by a broad but asymmetric distribution, with the largest mass being orders of magnitude larger than the typical mass. This canonical shape can be explained by cladogenetic diffusion that is bounded below by a hard limit on viable species mass and above by extinction risks that increase weakly with mass. Here we introduce and analytically solve a simplified cladogenetic diffusion model. When appropriately parameterized, the diffusion-reaction equation predicts mass distributions that are in good agreement with data on 4,002 terrestrial mammals from the late Quaternary and 8,617 extant bird species. Under this model, we show that a specific trade-off between the strength of within-lineage drift toward larger masses (Cope's rule) and the increased risk of extinction from increased mass is necessary to produce realistic mass distributions for both taxa. We then make several predictions about the evolution of avian species masses.

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“…[19]) and taxon-specific intrinsic constraints [20]. Despite extensive literature on body size evolution, several key macroevolutionary questions remain poorly understood, including the dependency of body size trends on the taxonomic scale of analysis [8,21] and the role of environment in controlling long-term body size evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and scale-dependent evolutionary trends in the body size of crustaceans

et al. 2015

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The ecological and physiological significance of body size is well recognized. However, key macroevolutionary questions regarding the dependency of body size trends on the taxonomic scale of analysis and the role of environment in controlling long-term evolution of body size are largely unknown. Here, we evaluate these issues for decapod crustaceans, a group that diversified in the Mesozoic. A compilation of body size data for 792 brachyuran crab and lobster species reveals that their maximum, mean and median body size increased, but no increase in minimum size was observed. This increase is not expressed within lineages, but is rather a product of the appearance and/or diversification of new clades of larger, primarily burrowing to shelter-seeking decapods. This argues against directional selective pressures within lineages. Rather, the trend is a macroevolutionary consequence of species sorting: preferential origination of new decapod clades with intrinsically larger body sizes. Furthermore, body size evolution appears to have been habitat-controlled. In the Cretaceous, reef-associated crabs became markedly smaller than those in other habitats, a pattern that persists today. The long-term increase in body size of crabs and lobsters, coupled with their increased diversity and abundance, suggests that their ecological impact may have increased over evolutionary time.

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Scale-dependence of Cope's rule in body size evolution of Paleozoic brachiopods

Cited by 70 publications

References 38 publications

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

The Evolution of Brachiopoda

How Many Species Have Mass M?

Environmental and scale-dependent evolutionary trends in the body size of crustaceans

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