Scalar Politics in Sectoral Reforms: Negotiating the Implementation Of water Policies in Ecuador (1990–2008)

Unpacking wastewater reuse arrangements through a new framework: insights from the analysis of Egypt

“…These sectoral reforms were prerequisites by donor agencies (e.g., European Union (EU) and World Bank) to reinvest in the water and wastewater sector in Egypt (see Cambaza et al, 2020;and Hoogesteger et al, 2017, for similar examples in the irrigation sector). The new investments were aimed at improving the sector's efficiency (e.g., achieve cost recovery) and remove institutional bottlenecks (World Bank, 2016).…”

Irrigation management transfer in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of policy implementation across scales

“…Another study (Rap & Wester, 2013) shows how in the early 1990s specific actors in the Mexican bureaucracy used the internationally funded water reforms, which included an ambitious IMT programme, to re-establish an independent national water management institute, while at the local level IMT was implemented through strategic alliances between large commercial producers and local elites who had direct stakes in controlling the newly created WUAs. Hoogesteger et al (2017) show that in Ecuador the creation of alliances between the top of the national government, the Ministry of Agriculture and the World Bank enabled a radical decentralization of the hydraulic bureaucracy. In turn, the implementation of the 'successful' Ecuadorian IMT programme and its outcomes greatly relied on how water users engaged in cooperating or resisting the IMT programme at the local level (see also Hoogesteger, 2013Hoogesteger, , 2015.…”

“…This can provide a better understanding of how spatial scale, as expressed through the different, apparently fixed, nested series of institutional levels (local water users, regional irrigation agencies, the national government and international donor agencies) matters for policy processes. As a result we conceive the sectoral reform of IMT as political projects that aim to transform, and are in themselves transformed by, existing practices and their related legal and institutional frameworks at different interrelated scales (Hoogesteger et al, 2017). In doing so we link broader (inter)national socio-economic and political processes and their dynamics to more specific sectoral processes that occur at different scales.…”

“…Based on these notions we pose that the policy process of IMT is shaped by both topdown policy implementation and the bottom-up responses these policies create within institutions, at the different scales with a concern in irrigation managementwater bureaucracies, irrigation agencies, WUAs and local communities (Hoogesteger et al, 2017). Through this approach we analyze the literature to distil what is known of the multi-scalar policy processes in our four case study countries (Mali, Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe) and to identify how the policy processes panned out through negotiations between actors at the following scale interactions:…”

“…Specifically, we look at the interactions between international donors, macro-economic dynamics, national policy making and the interactions with (and the nature of) irrigation bureaucracies and organized users. We do so by adopting the notion of policy as a contested process that is shaped by the interactions between actors who operate in various institutions with different spatial reacheslocal, regional, national and international (Hoogesteger, Tiaguaro-Rea, Rap, & Hidalgo, 2017). The analysis is based on a review of English-language literature (published and grey) on IMT in sub-Saharan countries derived from searches of academic literature databases and focused on identifying descriptions and analyses of the policy processes associated with IMT.…”