Scalable thermochromic smart windows with passive radiative cooling regulation

Wang, Shancheng; Jiang, Tianyue; Meng, Yuedong; Yang, Ronggui; Tan, Guofu; Long, Yi

doi:10.1126/science.abg0291

Cited by 396 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…( A ) Thermochromic performance (solar transmittance modulation, Δ T sol ; thermal emittance modulation, Δε; and luminance transmittance, T lum ) in some of the best-reported smart materials ( 11 – 15 , 17 , 20 – 38 ). N-VO 2 and P-VO 2 represent the negative and positive thermal regulations of VO 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-weather thermochromic windows for synchronous solar and thermal radiation regulation

et al. 2022

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Adaptive control of solar and thermal radiation through windows is of pivotal importance for building energy saving. However, such synchronous passive regulations are challenging to be integrated into one thermochromic window. Here, we develop a solar and thermal regulatory (STR) window by integrating poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) into pNIPAm/AgNW composites. A hitherto unexplored mechanism, originating from the temperature-triggered water capture and release due to pNIPAm phase transition, is exploited to achieve simultaneous regulations of solar transmission and thermal emission. The STR window shows excellent solar modulation (58.4%) and thermal modulation (57.1%) and demonstrates effective regulation of indoor temperatures during both daytime and nighttime. Compared to other thermochromic technologies, the STR window reduces heat loss in cold environment while promotes heat dissipation in hot conditions, achieving efficient energy saving in all weathers. This dual solar and thermal regulation mechanism may provide unidentified insights into the advancement of smart window technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-weather thermochromic windows for synchronous solar and thermal radiation regulation

et al. 2022

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“…This proved to be especially suitable for self-adapting applications across different climate zones. Moreover, simulations showed savings up to 324.6 MJm −2 , compared to results using commercial low-E glass [46].…”

Section: Optical Modulation Of Passive Daytime Radiative Coolingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Optically Modulated Passive Broadband Daytime Radiative Cooling Materials Can Cool Cities in Summer and Heat Cities in Winter

et al. 2022

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Broadband passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials exhibit sub-ambient surface temperatures and contribute highly to mitigating extreme urban heat during the warm period. However, their application may cause undesired overcooling problems in winter. This study aims to assess, on a city scale, different solutions to overcome the winter overcooling penalty derived from using PDRC materials. Furthermore, a mesoscale urban modeling system assesses the potential of the optical modulation of reflectance (ρ) and emissivity (ε) to reduce, minimize, or reverse the overcooling penalty. The alteration of heat flux components, air temperature modification, ground and roof surface temperature, and the urban canopy temperature are assessed. The maximum decrease of the winter ambient temperature using standard PDRC materials is 1.1 °C and 0.8 °C for daytime and nighttime, respectively, while the ρ+ε-modulation can increase the ambient temperature up to 0.4 °C and 1.4 °C, respectively, compared to the use of conventional materials. Compared with the control case, the maximum decrease of net radiation inflow occurred at the peak hour, reducing by 192.7 Wm−2 for the PDRC materials, 5.4 Wm−2 for ρ-modulated PDRC materials, and 173.7 Wm−2 for ε-PDRC materials; nevertheless, the ρ+ε-modulated PDRC materials increased the maximum net radiation inflow by 51.5 Wm−2, leading to heating of the cities during the winter.

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“…Various simulation software such as COMSOL Multiphysics® and VASP (Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package) can be introduced to predict material performances and properties. EnergyPlus is frequently used to calculate and predict the electricity consumption [137,144–146] …”

Section: Performance Of Electrochromic and Thermochromic Smart Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[136] Very recently, Wang et al designed a novel VO 2 -based thermochromic window that can modulate emissivity of long-wave infrared light (ɛ LWIR ) depending on the temperatures. [137] The window was prepared by coating the ITO film on the both side of a glass, and the transparent plastic spacer and polymer-VO 2 composite film was consecutively coated on the front side of glass. It was reported that ɛ LWIR values were modulated from the optimization of the thickness and composition of the polymer-VO 2 composite film.…”

Section: Thermochromic Smart Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐stimuli‐responsive and Multi‐functional Smart Windows

et al. 2022

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Smart windows can change their optical characteristics according to environmental conditions or external stimuli (such as heat and electricity). They are manufactured by considering building characteristics, regional climate, energy policies, and indoor air conditions. Their key optical properties have been improved by developing novel materials, fabrication methods, and designs. The optical properties can be further improved by developing multi‐stimuli‐responsive smart window systems. Recently, some smart windows have been integrated with energy storage, solar energy harvesting, self‐cleaning, and air‐purifying functions. The energy consumed by buildings and houses accounts for a considerable portion of the total energy consumed by a country as well as the world; therefore, these state‐of‐the‐art smart windows will greatly contribute to saving energy. Moreover, some multi‐functional smart windows can help in addressing environmental challenges. This mini‐review particularly focuses on discussing the recent advances made in multi‐stimuli‐responsive and multi‐functional smart windows, in addition to summarizing the researches on electrochromic, thermochromic, and other types of smart windows.

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Scalable thermochromic smart windows with passive radiative cooling regulation

Cited by 396 publications

References 60 publications

All-weather thermochromic windows for synchronous solar and thermal radiation regulation

All-weather thermochromic windows for synchronous solar and thermal radiation regulation

Optically Modulated Passive Broadband Daytime Radiative Cooling Materials Can Cool Cities in Summer and Heat Cities in Winter

Multi‐stimuli‐responsive and Multi‐functional Smart Windows

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