Scalable synthesis of high purities ammonium dinitramide and its decomposition characteristics

Jang, Hoi-Gu; Sul, Min Jung; Shim, Jung Seob; Park, Young Chul; Cho, Sung June

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2018.02.020

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, when the ADN content increased to a critical value, the flame could not completely concentrate in the region close to the binder, and then the ADN monopropellant flame appeared. It was certified by some research that the combustion of ADN particles was controlled by the reaction rate of the decomposition [3,[23][24].…”

Section: Effect Of Oxidizer Loadingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of ammonium dinitramide based solid propellant with PBT as energetic binders

Yu,

Huang,

Nie

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Focusing on a new kind of solid propellants, which takes the ammonium dinitramide (ADN) as the high‐energetic oxidant, and 3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane and tetrahydrofuran copolymers (PBT) as the high‐energetic fuel binder, the burning rates and the theoretical performance of the propellant were measured under different ADN contents, ADN sizes and pressures. The burning rates increased from 7.9 mm/s to 117.4 mm/s and 49.1 mm/s to 74.2 mm/s when the pressure increased from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa and from 12 MPa to 20 MPa separately, with a singularity in the pressure dependence of the burning rate at around 10 MPa. In terms of the effect of the ADN content, under the experiment pressures from 0.5 MPa to 5.0 MPa, the burning rates of the propellant were promoted by the increase of the oxidizer loading in a range of 50 wt% to 75 wt%, with a transition from a kinetically‐controlled reaction to a diffusion‐controlled one. Within the condition scope of this study, no obvious effect of the ADN sizes on the propellant combustion properties was observed. This could be attributed to the solid‐liquid mixed multiphase layer and the binder which served as a heat sink for the smaller ADN particles.

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Section: Effect Of Oxidizer Loadingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of ammonium dinitramide based solid propellant with PBT as energetic binders

Yu,

Huang,

Nie

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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show abstract

“…Therefore, improving the purity of ADN can enhance its performance and reduce its hygroscopicity [21]. Jang et al synthesized high-purity ADN (higher than 98.2 %) by performing the stepwise conversion of guanylurea dinitramide to potassium dinitramide, which was subsequently transformed into ADN [22]. Therefore, the anti-hygroscopicity of ADN can be improved by modifying its composition and surface structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies for ammonium dinitramide: A review**

Tian

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Valuable propellants have the characteristics of high impulse, low pollution, and strong stability, and oxidizers play a substantial role in determining the performance of propellants. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is a relatively promising oxidizer due to its high‐energy and chlorine‐free characteristics. However, although ADN exhibits high energy performance compared with traditional oxidizers, the high hygroscopicity of ADN when exposed to high humidity restricts its broader application in solid propellants. This review highlights the necessity of utilizing anti‐hygroscopicity strategies with ADN to extend its application. The anti‐hygroscopicity mechanism of ADN is summarized by calculations and experimental results. Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies that can be used with ADN include prilling, surface coating, and co‐crystallization, and these technologies are comprehensively summarized herein. This review is intended to provide insight into the use of anti‐hygroscopicity technologies with ADN, highlight the challenges of these methods, and point out future development directions.

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“…[35][36][37] The current means of ADN synthesis relies on inorganic methods, and the most common means is the separation and purication of crude ADN by using amino sulfonate as a raw material and nitrous sulfur mixed acid as a nitrifying agent under low temperature conditions, using ammonia to neutralize the product. [38][39][40][41] Amino sulfonates serve as key intermediates for the rapid formation of nitro functional groups. The -SO 3 group of amino sulfonates has strong electron absorption and can introduce two nitrate ions through a single reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New technology for preparing energetic materials by nanofiltration membrane (NF): rapid and efficient preparation of high-purity ammonium dinitramide (ADN)

et al. 2023

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Scalable synthesis of high purities ammonium dinitramide and its decomposition characteristics

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Combustion of ammonium dinitramide based solid propellant with PBT as energetic binders

Combustion of ammonium dinitramide based solid propellant with PBT as energetic binders

Anti‐hygroscopicity technologies for ammonium dinitramide: A review**

New technology for preparing energetic materials by nanofiltration membrane (NF): rapid and efficient preparation of high-purity ammonium dinitramide (ADN)

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