Scalable Synthesis of Bulk TiO₂ Hybrids Toward Efficient Li‐Storage Performance in “Rocking‐Chair” Type Full‐Cell Assembly With High Voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ Cathode

Abstract

Exploring anode materials with outstanding safety, high capacities, and superior rate performance for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remains a constant objective. A simple and green synthesis method with an excellent electrochemical performance of a TiO 2 bronze/anatase hybrid is herein reported as an anode at different temperature conditions (400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C) for LIBs. The Li-ion insertion/extraction properties are studied in a half-cell assembly (Li/TiO 2 ) and subsequently in a "rocking-chair" type full-cell configuration with a high voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) cathode. In both half and full-cell assemblies, all three TiO 2 hybrids exhibit promising results with an initial discharge capacity of >165 mAh g −1 at a current rate of 0.05 A g −1 along with a capacity retention of >90% after 100 cycles. The initial coulombic efficiency of ≈78% is observed for the full-cell, LNMO/TiO 2 -400 °C, with a maximum energy density of 192.75 Wh kg −1 and good cyclability at room temperature conditions.