Scalable coating methods for enhancing glass fiber–epoxy interactions with cellulose nanocrystals

Haque, Ejaz; Shariatnia, Shadi; Jeong, Tae-Joong; Jarrahbashi, Dorrin; Asadi, Amir; Harris, Tequila A. L.; Moon, Robert J.; Kalaitzidou, Kyriaki

doi:10.1007/s10570-021-03829-3

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…NaCNC were selected as it is one of the most common surface chemistries for CNC while PhCNC have shown to improve the interfacial shear strength over NaCNC coatings. 7,21…”

Section: Experimental Outline and Sample Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…NaCNC were selected as it is one of the most common surface chemistries for CNC while PhCNC have shown to improve the interfacial shear strength over NaCNC coatings. 7,21 This study investigates (i) What are the interactions between HGS and CNC added either in the resin or as coatings on the HGS and (ii) What are the effects of HGS loading and surface treatment on the properties of the composites. To simplify the discussion, the sample comparisons are divided into three subsets: group I explores interactions between CNC and HGS both added in the resin (i.e.…”

Section: Experimental Outline and Sample Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study will examine the effects of CNC additions to polyester resin (PR) composites. Prior studies demonstrated increased mechanical properties by adding CNCs to glass fiber (GF)-epoxy systems 6,7 and PR resin. 8 Additionally, surface modified CNC-epoxy composites showed increases in glass transition (T g ) by 30°C, tensile strength by 82%, elastic modulus by 21%, and high temperature storage modulus by 160%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior work on coating fibers with CNC has shown significant promise. 7 Others have also explored using CNC in conjunction with silanes to enhance surface properties of glass substrates. 14 Translating the processing technology from fibers and planar substrates to HGS will pose a challenge, as is explored in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lightweight polyester composites via nanoreinforced syntactic foams

DiLoreto

Berman

Moon

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Syntactic foams and their reinforcement with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in a thermosetting polyester resin (PR) matrix were studied in order to provide a pathway for lightweight composites for automotive applications with enhanced performance including thermomechanical properties and water uptake. A novel method for coating hollow glass spheres (HGS) with CNC was developed. Various combinations of functionalized CNC and surface modified HGS were studied to determine interactions between the two materials. Surface analysis techniques indicated that CNC were successfully deposited onto the HGS surface and remained at the surface after compounding with PR. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composites samples indicated a 30% increase in high temperature storage modulus between CNC coated HGS samples and uncoated HGS samples. Shifts in tan(δ) peak intensity and beta-relaxation temperature also indicated an increase in interphase volume around CNC coated HGS as compared to uncoated HGS samples. Coating HGS with CNC reduced the maximum water adsorption by as much as 40% indicating the potential for this material system in high moisture environments.

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“…NaCNC were selected as it is one of the most common surface chemistries for CNC while PhCNC have shown to improve the interfacial shear strength over NaCNC coatings. 7,21…”

Section: Experimental Outline and Sample Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Outline and Sample Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lightweight polyester composites via nanoreinforced syntactic foams

DiLoreto

Berman

Moon

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…In our previous study, the superiority of spray deposition of cellulose nanocrystals over other conventional coating methods (i.e., dip-coating) was fully studied. 65 However, due to the inherent uncertainties, randomness, and wide size distribution of droplets created by atomization, these systems lack the precision and control over the formation and homogeneity of the produced nanoparticles. 66 Aerosol jet printing utilizes an air-assisted atomization technique for breakup of the liquid jet stream and a specific directed nozzle to facilitate targeted deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical CO2-assisted atomization for deposition of cellulose nanocrystals: an experimental and computational study

et al. 2022

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Nanoparticle spray deposition finds numerous applications in pharmaceutical, electronics, manufacturing, and energy industries and has shown great promises in engineering the functional properties of the coated parts. However, current spray deposition systems either lack the required precision in controlling the morphology of the deposited nanostructures or do not have the capacity for large-scale deposition applications. In this study, we introduce a novel spray system that uses supercritical CO2 to assist the atomization process and create uniform micron-size water droplets that are used as cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) carriers. CNCs are selected in this study as they are abundant, possess superior mechanical properties, and contain hydroxyl groups that facilitate interaction with neighboring materials. We fundamentally investigate the effect of different process parameters, such as injection pressure, gas-to-liquid ratio, the axial distance between the nozzle and substrate, and CNC concentration on the final patterns left on the substrate upon evaporation of water droplets. To this end, we show how tuning process parameters control the size of carrier droplets, dynamics of evaporation, and self-assembly of CNCs, which in turn dictate the final architecture of the deposited nanostructures. We will particularly investigate the morphology of the nanostructures deposited after evaporation of micron-size droplets that has not been fully disclosed to date. Different characterization techniques such as laser diffraction, polarized microscopy, and high-resolution profilometry are employed to visualize and quantify the effect of each process parameter. Numerical simulations are employed to inform the design of experiments. Finally, it is shown that the fabricated nanostructures can be engineered based on the size of the carrier droplets controlled by adjusting spray parameters and the concentration of nanoparticles in the injected mixture. Process parameters can be selected such that nanoparticles form a ring, disk, or dome-shaped structure. Moderate operational conditions, simplicity and time efficiency of the process, and use of abundant and biodegradable materials, i.e., water, CNC, and CO2 promote the scalability and sustainability of this method.

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