Scaffolds to Control Inflammation and Facilitate Dental Pulp Regeneration

Colombo, John S.; Moore, Amanda N.; Hartgerink, Jeffrey D.; D’Souza, Rena N.

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.019

Cited by 73 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…6 Therefore, the development of biomaterials that facilitate pulp regeneration of the remaining vital pulp tissues is desired to promote dental pulp self-repair, and regenerate dentin on exposed pulp. 27,28 Ideally, the material for dentin regeneration should mimic the natural environment. 29 The pre-dentin extracellular matrix is composed of 90% collagen, with the other 10% representing non-collagenous proteins, enzymes, and growth factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-collagen biomembrane embedded with calcium-aluminate enhances dentinogenic potential of pulp cells

et al. 2016

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The development of biomaterials capable of driving dental pulp stem cell differentiation into odontoblast-like cells able to secrete reparative dentin is the goal of current conservative dentistry. In the present investigation, a biomembrane (BM) composed of a chitosan/collagen matrix embedded with calcium-aluminate microparticles was tested. The BM was produced by mixing collagen gel with a chitosan solution (2:1), and then adding bioactive calcium-aluminate cement as the mineral phase. An inert material (polystyrene) was used as the negative control. Human dental pulp cells were seeded onto the surface of certain materials, and the cytocompatibility was evaluated by cell proliferation and cell morphology, assessed after 1, 7, 14 and 28 days in culture. The odontoblastic differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total protein production, gene expression of DMP-1/DSPP and mineralized nodule deposition. The pulp cells were able to attach onto the BM surface and spread, displaying a faster proliferative rate at initial periods than that of the control cells. The BM also acted on the cells to induce more intense ALP activity, protein production at 14 days, and higher gene expression of DSPP and DMP-1 at 28 days, leading to the deposition of about five times more mineralized matrix than the cells in the control group. Therefore, the experimental biomembrane induced the differentiation of pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells featuring a highly secretory phenotype. This innovative bioactive material can drive other protocols for dental pulp exposure treatment by inducing the regeneration of dentin tissue mediated by resident cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-collagen biomembrane embedded with calcium-aluminate enhances dentinogenic potential of pulp cells

et al. 2016

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] However, it is thought to be a tough challenge to regenerate the entire pulp and dentin in situ due to the anatomical arrangement of the pulp chamber, which is encased within the dentin and mainly relies on one apical foramen to allow angiogenesis for the engineered tissue. 9,[12][13][14][15][16][17] Therefore, it is of great necessity to develop a suitable and injectable scaffold that can penetrate the entire root canal space 1,4,5,8,[18][19][20][21][22] and is also suitable for clinical application. Moreover, pulp is a type of so tissue, while the surrounding dentin is relatively hard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of dentin–pulp-like tissue using an injectable tissue engineering technique

Tan

Wang

Yin³

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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An injectable tissue engineering method was developed for dentin-pulp complex regeneration using an injectable scaffold, crosslinked hyaluronic acid gel (HAG). A cell-scaffold composite composed of HAG, tooth bud-derived dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs), and transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) was prepared and injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Moreover, b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) were chosen as control scaffolds for dentin-pulp regeneration. The suitability of injectable HAG for dentin-pulp complex engineering was further demonstrated in empty tooth slices and the pulp chambers of mini pigs. Histological and immunohistochemical staining was carried out to identify the distinctive tubular dentin and pulp structure, which was further confirmed by the detection of several dentinogenesis-related genes, DSPP, DMP-1, MEPE, and BSP. It was found that a recognizable dentin-pulp-like tissue with a typical well-organized dentinal tubular structure, columnar odontoblastlike cells, was successfully engineered using the injectable HAG scaffold within the subcutaneous area of nude mice, according to histological staining. High expression of the genes DSPP, DMP-1, MEPE and BSP in the above neo-tissue as well as positive immunohistochemical staining for dentin sialoprotein (DSP) confirmed the dentinal characteristics. No typical dentin-or pulp-like tissue was formed when PGA or b-TCP were used as scaffolds. The efficacy of this method was further demonstrated in empty tooth slices and pulp chambers of mini pigs that had been pretreated by the removal of total pulp and partial dentin. Through the successful delivery of DMCs and TGF-b1 by the injectable HAG scaffold, the destroyed dentin was vividly repaired along with the formation of pulp-like tissue. Hence the current strategy to engineer dentin-pulp complex can overcome the difficulty of specific anatomical arrangement of pulp and dentin with minimal invasion, finally leading to regained vitality, which is difficult to realize by the current clinical treatments.

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“…However, the periapical lesion size in mouse/rat molars is difficult to standardize; therefore, these models can seldom be used to evaluate the prognosis of AP. LPS was recognized as an initiation factor for a series of inflammatory and immune responses in periapical lesions . LPS generated by Gram‐negative bacteria infiltrating the root canal and periapical tissues can induce the expression of many types of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL‐6, which were reported to participate in alveolar bone resorption, as well as promote the survival and differentiation of preosteoclasts .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPS was recognized as an initiation factor for a series of inflammatory and immune responses in periapical lesions. 20,21 LPS generated by Gramnegative bacteria infiltrating the root canal and periapical tissues can induce the expression of many types of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6, which were reported to participate in alveolar bone resorption, as well as promote the survival and differentiation of preosteoclasts. 22 Therefore, LPS has been used as a stimulus for creating an inflammatory environment in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing inflammation and enhancing osteogenesis using novel CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules

Han

Wang

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The aim of this study was to investigate the suppression of inflammation and enhancement of osteogenesis using chitosan‐coated calcium hydroxide‐loaded microcapsules (CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules) in vivo. Circular defects were created in the mandibular bones of rabbits and filled with Ca(OH)2, Bio‐oss, or CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules, and rabbits without drug implantation served as the controls. Lipopolysaccharides were injected in situ daily in all groups for 7 days. Mandibular bones were investigated at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery using micro‐CT, histological observations, and real‐time PCR analysis. At the postoperation, there was more substantial nascent bone in the microcapsule and Bio‐oss groups than in the control group. The recovery of the rabbits in the Ca(OH)2 group was slower than the control group, as determined using micro‐CT and histological staining. Osteocalcin and collagen type I production was not significantly different between the microcapsule and Bio‐oss groups (p > 0.05), but the expression levels of the two molecules were significantly increased compared to the control and Ca(OH)2 groups at postoperation (p < 0.05). The mRNA transcript levels of inflammatory factors in the microcapsule group had the most reduced expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α (p < 0.05). The microcapsules significantly reduced inflammation and promoted osteogenesis in this rabbit model of inflammatory bone destruction. Our findings indicate that CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules hold potential for use in apical periodontitis treatment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3222–3230, 2018.

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Scaffolds to Control Inflammation and Facilitate Dental Pulp Regeneration

Cited by 73 publications

References 102 publications

Chitosan-collagen biomembrane embedded with calcium-aluminate enhances dentinogenic potential of pulp cells

Chitosan-collagen biomembrane embedded with calcium-aluminate enhances dentinogenic potential of pulp cells

Regeneration of dentin–pulp-like tissue using an injectable tissue engineering technique

Suppressing inflammation and enhancing osteogenesis using novel CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules

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