“…Motteram (1997) and Benson (2001) have argued that the association between the two was created by the multiple resources, options, negotiations and interactions produced by educational technology that in turn facilitate learner autonomy. As indicated in Figure 1, appropriate CMC integration in EFL education has been often identified to foster reflective learning (e. g., Chang & Sun, 2009), enhance learning engagement (e. g., Sinclair, 2009), and facilitate interactive collaborations (e. g., Leahy, 2008;Warschauer, Turbee, & Roberts, 1996); and these are prerequisites for the development of learner autonomy.…”