Abstract:Background: The development of cancer involves uncontrolled cell proliferation, and multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation have been found to be dysregulated in cancers. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) is one of three major subtypes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) families. The MAPK/ERK pathway (RAS/RAF1/MEK/ERK) plays an important part in promoting cell proliferation in response to growth factors, thereby serving as a driving signal in gastrointestinal … Show more
“…With their protein-protein interaction modules, scaffold proteins assist the assembly of intracellular signaling complexes downstream of numerous receptors [ 3 ]. Abnormal expression of scaffold proteins may contribute to the dysregulation of signaling pathways and favor the development of tumors [ 4 , 5 ].…”
Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of signaling networks, and their abnormal expression may favor the development of tumors. Among the scaffold proteins, immunophilin covers a unique role as ‘protein-philin’ (Greek ‘philin’ = friend) that interacts with proteins to guide their proper assembly. The growing list of human syndromes associated with the immunophilin defect underscores the biological relevance of these proteins that are largely opportunistically exploited by cancer cells to support and enable the tumor’s intrinsic properties. Among the members of the immunophilin family, the
FKBP5
gene was the only one identified to have a splicing variant. Cancer cells impose unique demands on the splicing machinery, thus acquiring a particular susceptibility to splicing inhibitors. This review article aims to overview the current knowledge of the
FKBP5
gene functions in human cancer, illustrating how cancer cells exploit the scaffolding function of canonical FKBP51 to foster signaling networks that support their intrinsic tumor properties and the spliced FKBP51s to gain the capacity to evade the immune system.
“…With their protein-protein interaction modules, scaffold proteins assist the assembly of intracellular signaling complexes downstream of numerous receptors [ 3 ]. Abnormal expression of scaffold proteins may contribute to the dysregulation of signaling pathways and favor the development of tumors [ 4 , 5 ].…”
Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of signaling networks, and their abnormal expression may favor the development of tumors. Among the scaffold proteins, immunophilin covers a unique role as ‘protein-philin’ (Greek ‘philin’ = friend) that interacts with proteins to guide their proper assembly. The growing list of human syndromes associated with the immunophilin defect underscores the biological relevance of these proteins that are largely opportunistically exploited by cancer cells to support and enable the tumor’s intrinsic properties. Among the members of the immunophilin family, the
FKBP5
gene was the only one identified to have a splicing variant. Cancer cells impose unique demands on the splicing machinery, thus acquiring a particular susceptibility to splicing inhibitors. This review article aims to overview the current knowledge of the
FKBP5
gene functions in human cancer, illustrating how cancer cells exploit the scaffolding function of canonical FKBP51 to foster signaling networks that support their intrinsic tumor properties and the spliced FKBP51s to gain the capacity to evade the immune system.
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