Scaffold microstructure effects on functional and mechanical performance: Integration of theoretical and experimental approaches for bone tissue engineering applications

Cavo, Marta; Scaglione, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.041

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[9,10] This last group of techniques is commonly known as additive manufacturing (AM) and includes stereolithography, fused deposition modeling (FDM), 3D inkjet printing, and selective laser sintering; the precise control over scaffold porosity, pore size, and interconnectivity obtained with AM techniques has shown a great influence on cellular behavior, leading to promising results in terms of tissue regeneration. [11][12][13][14] Moving from 2D to 3D cultures has required a considerable effort in adapting the protocols used in 2D in order to understand more about how the 3D cell culture model affects cellular behavior and to allow direct comparison of the results. [15][16][17] In many cases, real-time monitoring methods have been developed by integrating biosensors into bioreactor systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive‐Manufactured Scaffolds

Moldero

Chandra

Cavo

et al. 2020

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Despite numerous advances in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, monitoring the formation of tissue regeneration and its metabolic variations during culture is still a challenge and mostly limited to bulk volumetric assays. Here, a simple method of adding capsules‐based optical sensors in cell‐seeded 3D scaffolds is presented and the potential of these sensors to monitor the pH changes in space and time during cell growth is demonstrated. It is shown that the pH decreased over time in the 3D scaffolds, with a more prominent decrease at the edges of the scaffolds. Moreover, the pH change is higher in 3D scaffolds compared to monolayered 2D cell cultures. The results suggest that this system, composed by capsules‐based optical sensors and 3D scaffolds with predefined geometry and pore architecture network, can be a suitable platform for monitoring pH variations during 3D cell growth and tissue formation. This is particularly relevant for the investigation of 3D cellular microenvironment alterations occurring both during physiological processes, such as tissue regeneration, and pathological processes, such as cancer evolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive‐Manufactured Scaffolds

Moldero

Chandra

Cavo

et al. 2020

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“…Collagen coating [147] -Cells show excellent adhesion to dense parts of the PLA Ability to attract cells to the outer surface of the scaffolds SDF-1 collagen coating [148] -Various cell types can grow, spread, and proliferate on PLA-printed scaffolds (as shown in Figure 17)…”

Section: Coating Physical Property Change Results Advantagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[151] Nowadays, scaffold formation is typically made from materials selected by stacking struts on top of each other to achieve the final 3D object. [143,145,147,148] Many of the parameters associated with these struts and resulting meshes can vary, such as the diameter of the struts, the space between them, and the orientation from one layer to another. The macroscopic morphology of the PLA surface can even affect the orientation and morphology of the cells: the grooves of the wavy scaffold significantly induce cell elongation and change the morphology of the nucleus, whereas the cells grown on the porous scaffold are flatter and curved.…”

Section: Support For Induction Of Angiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid and Its Applications in Bone Repair

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Eng Mater

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3D printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that has developed rapidly in the past decades due to its advantages, such as freedom of design, mass customization, waste minimization, and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping. Various materials are used in 3D printing, including metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, and their composites. The polymer's easy processing makes it stands out among many materials. As a thermoplastic polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) received more attention as an effective biomedical material due to its proven biodegradation and biocompatibility. Herein, the development of 3D-printing technology is summarized and various applications of 3D-printed PLA and their composites in orthopedics are introduced. Furthermore, the current limitations and future opportunities in 3D printing are also discussed to help guide the 3D-printing development and improve 3D-printing strategies in orthopedic.

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“…This new discipline aims to create biocompatible and biomimetic artificial structures to carry out the cellular regeneration of damaged bone tissue until the complete restoration of its functionality. For the creation of such osteogenic implants, the combination of three-dimensional scaffolds or matrices and bioactive molecules is necessary [4]. The strategy to follow to obtain this type of implants consists of extracting autologous bone tissue from a healthy area of the patient through a biopsy, from which cells that are introduced into the three-dimensional matrix are subsequently extracted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation by CFD of the Growth of Osteocytes within a Bioreactor

Paz¹,

Suárez²,

Vence³

et al. 2019

World Congress on Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems and Science

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For years bone grafts have been used to regenerate or replace damaged bones, treat fractures or bone diseases, which requires surgical intervention and all the risks and problems that this entails, such as: immune response, transmission of diseases etc. As a consequence of the limitations of this technique was born the engineering of bone tissues. The objective of this new type of tissue engineering is to carry out the cellular regeneration of the damaged bone tissue until completely re-establishing its functionality. This requires the creation of artificial porous structures (scaffolding or three-dimensional matrices) biocompatible in which bone cells (osteocytes) extracted from the patient's own tissue are cultured. Achieving adequate oxygen supply, a high cell density and a uniform distribution of cells over three-dimensional scaffolds has become a challenge in recent years. For this reason, a numerical model of osteocyte growth has been implemented in ANSYS Fluent. The model includes the oxygen and nutrient consumption of biomass, the effect of shear stress on cell proliferation and the specific growth rate of osteocytes. This model was evaluated in realistic threedimensional scaffolds inside a perfusion bioreactor and it has been proved that the cell proliferation is conditioned by the wall shear stress.

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Scaffold microstructure effects on functional and mechanical performance: Integration of theoretical and experimental approaches for bone tissue engineering applications

Cited by 53 publications

References 38 publications

Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive‐Manufactured Scaffolds

Probing the pH Microenvironment of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Cultures on Additive‐Manufactured Scaffolds

Recent Progress on 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid and Its Applications in Bone Repair

Numerical Simulation by CFD of the Growth of Osteocytes within a Bioreactor

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