Scaffold microarchitecture determines internal bone directional growth structure: A numerical study

Sanz-Herrera, José A.; Doblaré, M.; García-Aznar, J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.05.027

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3D printed scaffolds can be customized to fit complex anatomic skeletal defects . More importantly, some 3D printing processes allow for precise control of biologic and biomechanical properties of the scaffold through variations in mineral composition and structure . The ideal scaffold should be non‐toxic, biocompatible, possess adequate mechanical properties to withstand shear and axial force, and has porosity that favors bone ingrowth and vascularization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 More importantly, some 3D printing processes allow for precise control of biologic and biomechanical properties of the scaffold through variations in mineral composition and structure. 13 The ideal scaffold should be non-toxic, biocompatible, possess adequate mechanical properties to withstand shear and axial force, and has porosity that favors bone ingrowth and vascularization. However, most scaffolding materials may not lead to a significant bone healing response, and combination with an osteoinductive stimulus may be required for optimal regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D printed hyperelastic “bone” scaffolds and regional gene therapy: A novel approach to bone healing

Alluri

Jakus

Bougioukli

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transduced with a lentiviral (LV) vector to overexpress bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) loaded onto a novel 3D printed scaffold. Human ADSCs were transduced with a LV vector carrying the cDNA for BMP-2. The transduced cells were loaded onto a 3D printed Hyperelastic "Bone" (HB) scaffold. In vitro BMP-2 production was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. The ability of ADSCs loaded on the HB scaffold to induce in vivo bone formation in a hind limb muscle pouch model was assessed in the following groups: ADSCs transduced with LV-BMP-2, LV-green fluorescent protein, ADSCs alone, and empty HB scaffolds. Bone formation was assessed using radiographs, histology and histomorphometry. Transduced ADSCs BMP-2 production on the HB scaffold at 24 hours was similar on 3D printed HB scaffolds versus control wells with transduced cells alone, and continued to increase after 1 and 2 weeks of culture. Bone formation was noted in LV-BMP-2 animals on plain radiographs at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation; no bone formation was noted in the other groups. Histology demonstrated that the LV-BMP-2 group was the only group that formed woven bone and the mean bone area/tissue area was significantly greater when compared with the other groups. 3D printed HB scaffolds are effective carriers for transduced ADSCs to promote bone repair. The combination of gene therapy and tissue engineered scaffolds is a promising multidisciplinary approach to bone repair with significant clinical potential. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1104-1110, 2018.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed hyperelastic “bone” scaffolds and regional gene therapy: A novel approach to bone healing

Alluri

Jakus

Bougioukli

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…The microstructure and also mechanical properties are affected by the process parameters [42,43] as well as by the thermal after-treatment [44,45] of structures. In the evaluation of open-porous structures, strut orientation and loading angles [24,[46][47][48] as well as the functional correlation between porosity and elastic modulus [19] play a critical role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Yielding of Selective Laser-Melted Ti6Al4V Open-Porous Scaffolds as a Function of Unit Cell Design and Dimensions

Weißmann

Wieding

Hansmann

et al. 2016

Metals

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Bone loss in the near-vicinity of implants can be a consequence of stress shielding due to stiffness mismatch. This can be avoided by reducing implant stiffness, i.e., by implementing an open-porous structure. Three open-porous designs were therefore investigated (cubic, pyramidal and a twisted design). Scaffolds were fabricated by a selective laser-melting (SLM) process and material properties were determined by conducting uniaxial compression testing. The calculated elastic modulus values for the scaffolds varied between 3.4 and 26.3 GP and the scaffold porosities between 43% and 80%. A proportional linear correlation was found between the elastic modulus and the geometrical parameters, between the elastic modulus and the compressive strengths, as well as between the strut width-to-diameter ratio (a/d) and elastic modulus. Furthermore, we found a power-law relationship between porosity and the modulus of elasticity that characterizes specific yielding. With respect to scaffold porosity, the description of specific yielding behaviour offers a simple way to characterize the mechanical properties of open-porous structures and helps generate scaffolds with properties specific to their intended application. A direct comparison with human bone parameters is also possible. We generated scaffolds with mechanical properties sufficiently close to that of human cortical bone.

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“…44,86 There is still limited knowledge on how microstructure features (e.g., pore size distribution, pore orientation, interconnectivity, geometry of struts, and morphology and distribution of the BG coating or filler) affect the functional performance (e.g., angiogenesis) and mechanical response of a scaffold. 44,68,88,89 In the current study, it cannot be ruled out that coating with n-BG particles reduced pore interconnectivity and pore size. On the one hand, the reduction of pore size might have overcome and counteracted possible proangiogenic effects of n-BG, resulting in similar extents of neovascularization and tissue ingrowth for coated and uncoated scaffolds.…”

Section: In Vivo Analysis Of Neovascularization In N-bg-coated Decellmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Thus, a “dimension response element” has been suggested to be involved in the mechanisms of angiogenesis and regulation of angiogenic gene expression 44, 86. There is still limited knowledge on how microstructure features (e.g., pore size distribution, pore orientation, interconnectivity, geometry of struts, and morphology and distribution of the BG coating or filler) affect the functional performance (e.g., angiogenesis) and mechanical response of a scaffold 44, 68, 88, 89. In the current study, it cannot be ruled out that coating with n‐BG particles reduced pore interconnectivity and pore size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass‐coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds

Gerhardt

Widdows

Erol

et al. 2012

J Biomedical Materials Res

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In this study, the in vivo recellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass (n-BG)-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds were studied in a rat model and quantified using stereological analyses. Based on the highest amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by human fibroblasts grown on n-BG coatings (0-1.245 mg/cm(2)), decellularized trabecular bone samples (porosity: 43-81%) were coated with n-BG particles. Grown on n-BG particles at a coating density of 0.263 mg/cm(2), human fibroblasts produced 4.3 times more VEGF than on uncoated controls. After 8 weeks of implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, both uncoated and n-BG-coated samples were well infiltrated with newly formed tissue (47-48%) and blood vessels (3-4%). No significant differences were found in cellularization and vascularization between uncoated bone scaffolds and n-BG-coated scaffolds. This finding indicates that the decellularized bone itself may exhibit growth-promoting properties induced by the highly interconnected pore microarchitecture and/or proteins left behind on decellularized scaffolds. Even if we did not find proangiogenic effects in n-BG-coated bone scaffolds, a bioactive coating is considered to be beneficial to impart osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to decellularized bone. n-BG-coated bone grafts have thus high clinical potential for the regeneration of complex tissue defects given their ability for recellularization and neovascularization.

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Scaffold microarchitecture determines internal bone directional growth structure: A numerical study

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

3D printed hyperelastic “bone” scaffolds and regional gene therapy: A novel approach to bone healing

3D printed hyperelastic “bone” scaffolds and regional gene therapy: A novel approach to bone healing

Specific Yielding of Selective Laser-Melted Ti6Al4V Open-Porous Scaffolds as a Function of Unit Cell Design and Dimensions

Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass‐coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds

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