Scaffold degradation in bone tissue engineering: An overview

Tajvar, Samira; Hadjizadeh, Afra; Samandari, Saeed Saber

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2023.105599

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Conversely, if hydrogel degradation outpaces tissue deposition, the scaffold may collapse prematurely, compromising the structural integrity and inhibiting proper tissue formation. 36 , 55 , 56 In the context of our study, we observed that chondrocytes aggregated and were able to support ECM synthesis by day 21, suggesting that tissue deposition occurred within the time frame of hydrogel degradation. This suggests a level of coordination between tissue formation and hydrogel degradation, allowing for the maintenance of a coherent structure until new tissue forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Collagen and Alginate Hydrogels Support Chondrocytes Redifferentiation In Vitro without Supplementation of Exogenous Growth Factors

Roncada,

Blunn,

Roldo

2024

ACS Omega

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Focal cartilage defects are a prevalent knee problem affecting people of all ages. Articular cartilage (AC) possesses limited healing potential, and osteochondral defects can lead to pain and long-term complications such as osteoarthritis. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been a successful surgical approach for repairing osteochondral defects over the past two decades. However, a major drawback of ACI is the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during their in vitro expansion. In this study, we isolated ovine chondrocytes and cultured them in a two-dimensional environment for ACI procedures. We hypothesized that 3D scaffolds would support the cells' redifferentiation without the need for growth factors so we encapsulated them into soft collagen and alginate (col/alg) hydrogels. Chondrocytes embedded into the hydrogels were viable and proliferated. After 7 days, they regained their original rounded morphology (aspect ratio 1.08) and started to aggregate. Gene expression studies showed an upregulation of COL2A1, FOXO3A, FOXO1, ACAN, and COL6A1 (37, 1.13, 22, 1123, and 1.08-fold change expression, respectively) as early as day one. At 21 days, chondrocytes had extensively colonized the hydrogel, forming large cell clusters. They started to replace the degrading scaffold by depositing collagen II and aggrecan, but with limited collagen type I deposition. This approach allows us to overcome the limitations of current approaches such as the dedifferentiation occurring in 2D in vitro expansion and the necrotic formation in spheroids. Further studies are warranted to assess long-term ECM deposition and integration with native cartilage. Though limitations exist, this study suggests a promising avenue for cartilage repair with col/alg hydrogel scaffolds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Collagen and Alginate Hydrogels Support Chondrocytes Redifferentiation In Vitro without Supplementation of Exogenous Growth Factors

Roncada,

Blunn,

Roldo

2024

ACS Omega

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“…For certain tissue engineering applications, this controlled degradation is a highly desirable property. [31] In particular, a controlled biocompatible trigger is favorable also because cellulose cannot be hydrolyzed by mammalian cells into glucose. The scaffold can be degraded by reversing the crosslinking process through the removal of Ca 2+ from the egg box structure.…”

Section: Controllable Scaffold Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

4‐Axis 3D‐Printed Tubular Biomaterials Imitating the Anisotropic Nanofiber Orientation of Porcine Aortae

Lackner,

Šurina,

Fink

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Many of the peculiar properties of the vasculature are related to the arrangement of anisotropic proteinaceous fibers in vessel walls. Understanding and imitating these arrangements can potentially lead to new therapies for cardiovascular diseases. These can be pre‐surgical planning, for which patient specific ex vivo anatomical models for endograft testing are of interest. Alternatively, therapies can be based on tissue engineering, for which degradable in vitro cell growth substrates are used to culture replacement parts. In both cases materials are desirable that imitate the biophysical properties of vessels, including their tubular shapes and compliance. This work contributes to these demands by offering methods for the manufacturing of anisotropic 3D printed nanofibrous tubular structures that have similar biophysical properties as porcine aortae, that are biocompatible, and that allow for a controlled nutrient diffusion. Tubes of various sizes with axial, radial or alternating nanofiber orientation along the blood flow direction are manufactured by a customized method. Blood pressure resistant, compliant, stable and cell culture compatible structures are obtained, that can be degraded in vitro on demand. It is suggested that these healthcare materials can contribute to the next generation of cardiovascular therapies of ex vivo pre‐surgical planning or in vitro cell culture.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…[20] Scaffold degradation is a challenge in bone tissue engineering, and various factors such as chemical composition, structure, and surface modification influence the rate of degradation. [21] Also, 3D printing and computer-aided design can be used to create personalized and implantable hybrid scaffolds for critical-size bone defects. [22] To improve the mechanical properties and surface-to-volume ratio of scaffolds, the design and analysis of unit cell geometry are important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Unit Cell Geometry to Improve Mechanical Properties and Surface‐to‐Volume Ratio of Used Scaffold in Treating Damaged Bone Tissue

Khoshgoftar,

Ansari

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Bone tissue damage resulting from trauma, tumor, or bone infection is one of the most common problems that humans face in everyday life. Tissue engineering is a developing method for the reconstruction and repair of damaged tissues, and a scaffold should have properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties suitable for the type of damaged tissue, and suitable surface characteristics for better cell adhesion. This study presents a precise and practical process for designing a scaffold used in bone tissue repair, such as the femur, and the effect of unit cell geometry on the mechanical properties and surface characteristics of the scaffold is investigated. CT scan images of the human femur area were obtained, and 3D models of the cortical and cancellous parts of the femur were constructed. The outer surface of the damaged parts was designed with ideal geometry; six types of unit cells with different geometries were designed, and the changes in the Young’s modulus were determined as a function of changes in the unit cell porosity. The cubic‐star‐shaped unit cell was chosen as the suitable unit cell for the scaffold structure, with a side length of 0.88 mm and a pore size of 0.6 mm.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Scaffold degradation in bone tissue engineering: An overview

Cited by 78 publications

References 121 publications

Collagen and Alginate Hydrogels Support Chondrocytes Redifferentiation In Vitro without Supplementation of Exogenous Growth Factors

Collagen and Alginate Hydrogels Support Chondrocytes Redifferentiation In Vitro without Supplementation of Exogenous Growth Factors

4‐Axis 3D‐Printed Tubular Biomaterials Imitating the Anisotropic Nanofiber Orientation of Porcine Aortae

Design and Analysis of Unit Cell Geometry to Improve Mechanical Properties and Surface‐to‐Volume Ratio of Used Scaffold in Treating Damaged Bone Tissue

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