Scaffold Biomaterials and Nano-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is integral to the functioning of the human body. Several pathological conditions, such as trauma (primary lesion) or genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), can affect and impair its functions or exceed its regeneration capacity. Tissue engineering (TE) based on natural, synthetic and hybrid biomaterials provides a robust platform for developing scaffolds that promote skeletal muscle regeneration, strength recovery, vascularization and innervation. Recent 3D-cell printing technology and the use of nanocarriers for the release of drugs, peptides and antisense oligonucleotides support unique therapeutic alternatives. Here, the authors present recent advances in scaffold biomaterials and nano-based therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration and perspectives for future endeavors.

Oriented Porous Polymer Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of Preparation Strategies and Applications

“…Consequently, tissue engineering scaffolds have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of extensive muscle injuries. [171] Specifically, scaffolds designed for skeletal muscle repair necessitate enhanced toughness and ductility compared to those employed in bone tissue engineering. To address this challenge, Deshpande et al [172] devised an oriented PCL scaffold with a distinctive negative Poisson ratio structure, employing textile technology.…”