Scabies in the Extended Care Facility

Parish, Lawrence Charles; Millikan, Larry E.; Witkowski, Joseph A.; Schwartzman, Robert M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1983.tb01212.x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Evidence indicates that scabies is not influenced by hygiene practices or the availability of water. This can be observed in institutional outbreaks, where high standards of hygiene are observed (60,88), and in coastal tropical communities with plentiful access to water and meticulous hygiene (69,101). Furthermore, scabies is known to affect people from all socioeconomic levels, including affluent populations, if exposure occurs.…”

Section: Poverty Overcrowding and Poor Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

2007

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SUMMARY Scabies is a worldwide disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries, related primarily to poverty and overcrowding. In remote Aboriginal communities in northern Australia, prevalences of up to 50% among children have been described, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy. Sarcoptic mange is also an important veterinary disease engendering significant morbidity and mortality in wild, domestic, and farmed animals. Scabies is caused by the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the host epidermis. Clinical symptoms include intensely itchy lesions that often are a precursor to secondary bacterial pyoderma, septicemia, and, in humans, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Although diagnosed scabies cases can be successfully treated, the rash of the primary infestation takes 4 to 6 weeks to develop, and thus, transmission to others often occurs prior to therapy. In humans, the symptoms of scabies infestations can mimic other dermatological skin diseases, and traditional tests to diagnose scabies are less than 50% accurate. To aid early identification of disease and thus treatment, a simple, cheap, sensitive, and specific test for routine diagnosis of active scabies is essential. Recent developments leading to the expression and purification of S. scabiei recombinant antigens have identified a number of molecules with diagnostic potential, and current studies include the investigation and assessment of the accuracy of these recombinant proteins in identifying antibodies in individuals with active scabies and in differentiating those with past exposure. Early identification of disease will enable selective treatment of those affected, reduce transmission and the requirement for mass treatment, limit the potential for escalating mite resistance, and provide another means of controlling scabies in populations in areas of endemicity.

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Section: Poverty Overcrowding and Poor Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

2007

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“…hominis, the adult being barely visible to the naked eye (Fig 4). [127][128][129][130][131][132][133] The organism is an obligate parasite, requiring an appropriate host for survival. The mites subsist on a diet of dissolved human tissue but do not feed on blood.…”

Section: Mitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropods in dermatology

Steen

Carbonaro

Schwartz

2004

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

171

127

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“…Four other reports of ivermectin use did not report this [32, 35, 37, 41]. There were six reports of increased pruritus following scabies treatment with ivermectin [35, 41], Tenutex [36], allethrin spray [37], lindane [39] and permethrin [44]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One report described the use of crotamiton cream for symptomatic relief of persistent pruritus following treatment [39], and another described re-treatment if pruritus persisted beyond initial anti-scabies treatment [37]. In two outbreaks crotamiton was used as part of the treatment regimen [29, 31]; while other reports did not describe any symptomatic treatment for itch.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do we know how scabies outbreaks in residential and nursing care homes for the elderly should be managed? A systematic review of interventions using a novel approach to assess evidence quality

et al. 2019

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Currently no national guidelines exist for the management of scabies outbreaks in residential or nursing care homes for the elderly in the United Kingdom. In this setting, diagnosis and treatment of scabies outbreaks is often delayed and optimal drug treatment, environmental control measures and even outcome measures are unclear. We undertook a systematic review to establish the efficacy of outbreak management interventions and determine evidence-based recommendations. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, which were assessed using a quality assessment tool drawing on STROBE guidelines to describe the quality of observational data. Nineteen outbreak reports were identified, describing both drug treatment and environmental management measures. The quality of data was poor; none reported all outcome measures and only four described symptom relief measures. We were unable to make definitive evidence-based recommendations. We draw on the results to propose a framework for data collection in future observational studies of scabies outbreaks. While high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to determine optimal drug treatment, evidence on environmental measures will need augmentation through other literature studies. The quality assessment tool designed is a useful resource for reporting of outcome measures including patient-reported measures in future outbreaks.

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Scabies in the Extended Care Facility

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

Arthropods in dermatology

Do we know how scabies outbreaks in residential and nursing care homes for the elderly should be managed? A systematic review of interventions using a novel approach to assess evidence quality

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