“…[2][3][4][5] In response to these challenges, various emerging advanced technologies have been developed in recent years, encompassing energy storage and conversion, gas separation, air filtration, and water purification, striving to meet intensive energy-related demands and address multifaceted environmental challenges. [6][7][8][9][10] Nanomaterials (NMs), defined as materials with at least one-dimensional measure within the nano-scale range (1-100 nm), represent a new generation of nanoparticle substances that bridge the gap between atomic, molecular, and macroscopic systems. 11 Due to their performance that defies traditional norms, nanomaterials have garnered substantial attention across numerous fields in recent years, [12][13][14] emerging as potential high-performance alternatives to conventional materials and chemicals.…”