SAXS Study on Gelation Process in Preparation of Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Aerogel

Dynamic and Static Light Scattering Study on the Sol-Gel Transition of Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aqueous Solution

“…Figure 4 shows the change of weight-averaged molecular weight of colloidal particles during the sol-gel transition. During the early stages of the transition the values of M w are less than 10 4 for each sample, which indicates the formation of primary clusters in the solutions as previously investigated by SAXS measurements (21). As the sol-gel transition proceeds, the value of M w increases depending on the values of R/W and R/C, which also suggests the growth of colloidal particles.…”

“…Here, the influence of the value of d h,final on the mesoporosity of RF aerogels is examined. Physical properties of various RF aerogels can be found in the previous articles (6)(7)(8)21). Figure 8 shows the relation between the value of d h,final and peak radius of mesopore size distributions of RF aerogels, r peak .…”

“…Scattering experiments are the most suitable methods for this purpose (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The authors have previously examined structure formation occurring in RF solutions using small angle X-ray scattering technique and have revealed the growth process of primary clusters formed during the sol-gel transition (21). Light scattering analysis, which employs visible incident radiation, is also thought to be suitable for tracing structure formation.…”

Synthesis of carbon xerogel particles and fractal-like structures

“…Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres and other structures of carbon have been of interest in recent years by many researchers (Al-Muhtaseb and Ritter, 2003;Horikawa et al, 2004;Job et al, 2004Job et al, , 2006Kim et al, 2006;Matos et al, 2006;Pekala, 1989;Pekala and Alviso, 1992;Pekala et al, 1994Pekala et al, , 1998Pol et al, 2004;Shen et al, 2005Shen et al, , 2006Tamon and Ishizaka, 1998;Tonanon et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2005;Yamamoto et al, 2002), especially in the context of carbon-based micro-electromechanical devices (C-MEMS). The patterned as well as non-patterned carbon electrodes in different forms (graphitic/non-graphitic) are used extensively in rechargeable batteries and fuel cells (Hasegawa et al, 2004;Park et al, 2007;Pekala et al, 1994Pekala et al, , 1998Wang et al, 2006).…”

Yield stress fluids method to determine the pore size distribution of a porous medium

“…The first one is due to the capillary pressure; the two others are due to the phase change phenomena. Finally let us quote destructive techniques such as stereology [19] or non-destructive methods such as Small Angle Neutron (SANS) or X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) [20,21]. Unfortunately all these techniques can give quite different results; moreover they are very expensive and require complex equipment.…”