Savings in classical conditioning in the rabbit as a function of extended extinction

Weidemann, Gabrielle; Kehoe, E. James

doi:10.3758/bf03195970

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…That is, extinction might involve unlearning as well as these other processes. Therefore, it may be necessary to develop hybrid models of extinction that explicitly allow for the involvement of multiple processes (see Weidemann and Kehoe 2003, for examples of hybrid models of extinction). of this work (e.g., Myers and Davis 2002;Delamater 2004).…”

Section: Theories Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitation of Fear Extinction by D-Cycloserine: Theoretical and Clinical Implications

Richardson¹,

Ledgerwood²,

Cranney³

2004

Learn. Mem.

169

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Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disturbances in the industrialized world. Current behavioral therapy procedures for these disorders are somewhat effective, but their efficacy could be substantially improved. Because these procedures are largely based on the process of extinction, manipulations that enhance extinction may lead to improvements in treatment effectiveness. We review the evidence that D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial NMDA agonist, facilitates extinction of learned fear in rats. Although only a few studies have examined the effects of DCS on extinction of learned fear, this work suggests that this drug may have a number of potential clinical benefits. In addition, attempts at interpreting this research illustrate our limited understanding of the processes involved in extinction.A substantial percentage of the industrialized world's population will suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point, and consequently, the burden-of-disease costs (both financial and personal) associated with these disorders are extremely high (e.g., Andrews et al. 2001). As a result, there is considerable interest in developing effective treatments for anxiety disorders. Many current therapies for anxiety disorders (e.g., systematic desensitization, flooding, and implosion) involve controlled exposures to the feared stimulus. In other words, these therapies are based on the process of extinction. Although these therapies are the most effective current form of treatment for anxiety disorders (Foa 2000), they could be improved in a number of ways. For example, some patients who begin treatment fail to complete it (i.e., they drop out after a few sessions), and some patients who successfully complete treatment later relapse (i.e., their symptoms return). Manipulations that enhance the process of extinction might reasonably be expected to lead to an improved efficacy of these therapies. Specifically, if such manipulations reduce the number of sessions required, then fewer patients may fail to complete treatment. If these manipulations also somehow reduced the incidence of relapse, then their benefits would be even greater.In the past decade, considerable effort has been directed at increasing our understanding of extinction. Much of this research has involved Pavlovian conditioned fear. In such studies, an animal is first exposed to pairings of an initially neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., light or tone) with a naturally aversive unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., shock). After this experience, presentations of the CS elicit a number of behaviors usually associated with the state of fear (e.g., tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, potentiated startle response). These learned fear responses can be reduced, however, by repeatedly presenting the CS by itself; in other words the learned fear responses can be extinguished (see Myers and Davis 2002, for operational and conceptual definitions of extinction). Although extinction is a very simple process procedurally, it has proven to be quite complex theore...

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Section: Theories Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitation of Fear Extinction by D-Cycloserine: Theoretical and Clinical Implications

Richardson¹,

Ledgerwood²,

Cranney³

2004

Learn. Mem.

169

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show abstract

“…With a t test, this index was compared with 0 for each condition separately. No transfer was evident in either switch Another, possibly more sensitive way to examine transfer is to assess savings in relearning (see, e.g., Kehoe & Holt, 1984;Weidemann & Kehoe, 2003). For the switch retraining groups, was there evidence for savings in relearning across all six blocks in Session 2, relative to learning across all six blocks of Session 1, despite the fact that there was no evidence for improved performance on the first block of Session 2, relative to the first block of Session 1?…”

Section: Retention and Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Skill training, retention, and transfer: The effects of a concurrent secondary task

et al. 2005

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“…Rapid reconditioning has been found not only with the fear response in rats (e.g., D. E. McAllister & W. R. McAllister, 1994;W. R. McAllister et al, 1986), but also with the nictitating membrane response in rabbits (e.g., Macrae & Kehoe, 1999;Napier, Macrae, & Kehoe, 1992;Weidemann & Kehoe, 2003), the heart rate response in rabbits (e.g., Weidemann & Kehoe, 2003), and the eyelid response in rabbits (e.g., Medina, Garcia, & Mauk, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of conditioned fear by a single postextinction shock: Effect of similarity of shock contexts and of time following extinction

McAllister

2006

Learning & Behavior

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Savings in classical conditioning in the rabbit as a function of extended extinction

Cited by 40 publications

References 57 publications

Facilitation of Fear Extinction by D-Cycloserine: Theoretical and Clinical Implications

Facilitation of Fear Extinction by D-Cycloserine: Theoretical and Clinical Implications

Skill training, retention, and transfer: The effects of a concurrent secondary task

Recovery of conditioned fear by a single postextinction shock: Effect of similarity of shock contexts and of time following extinction

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