Saure atmosphärische Niederschlagsdeposition und ihre Auswirkungen auf die chemische Qualität von Quellwasser im Hessischen Buntsandstein-Mittelgebirge

Balázs, Árpad; Brechtel, H. M.; Fuhrer, H.

doi:10.1007/bf02741668

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…He identified low pH values and high SO 4 loads due to the impact of acidic precipitation. Balázs et al (1992) and Balázs (1998) validated these findings for other areas of the Bunter sequence in Hessen, such as the Odenwald. He compiled findings about the long-term monitoring of bulk deposition by precipitation, which suggest a decrease of SO 4 and increasing pH values in precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Hydrochemical Groundwater Evolution in the Bunter Sandstone Sequence of the Odenwald Mountain Range, Germany: A Laboratory and Field Study

Ludwig¹,

Stober

Bucher

2011

Aquat Geochem

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Field and laboratory investigations were performed to identify the principal mechanisms of the hydrochemical groundwater evolution among low mineralised groundwater in the Triassic Bunter sandstone aquifer of the Odenwald low mountain range, central Germany. Hydrochemical composition comprises low pH, SO 4 -rich shallow groundwaters issued by springs (Ca-Mg-SO 4 -type) grading to SO 4 -poor deep groundwaters with near-neutral pH (Ca-HCO 3 -type). Batch experiments of the original rock were run to determine primary mineral alteration reactions and the origin of dissolved ions. Principal experimental reactions comprise the decomposition of anorthite, K-feldspar, biotite and jarosite as mineral components of the original sandstone rock and the formation of clay minerals of the smectite group (Ca-montmorillonite, beidellite), and iron hydroxides as secondary minerals. Mobilisation of fluid inclusion in quartz grains contributes to Na and Cl concentrations in the leachates. The evolution of deep groundwater circulation proceeds by mineral alteration reactions calculated by the inverse modelling of both primary and secondary minerals to produce low-T mineral phases. The dissolution of K-feldspar converts Ca-montmorillonite to illite (illitisation). The formation of Na-beidellite correlates with decreasing concentration of Na in solution. Mineral reactions further proceed to the formation of kaolinite as stable mineral phase. As indicated by modelled adsorption curves, the decrease of SO 4 concentrations during groundwater evolution relates to the adsorption of SO 4 on iron hydroxides. The leaching of calcite indicated for individual groundwaters relates to the distribution of loess in the appropriate catchment areas.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Hydrochemical Groundwater Evolution in the Bunter Sandstone Sequence of the Odenwald Mountain Range, Germany: A Laboratory and Field Study

Ludwig¹,

Stober

Bucher

2011

Aquat Geochem

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Importance of forest hydrological ‘benchmark-catchments’ in connection with the forest decline problem in Europe

Brechtel¹,

Fuhrer²

1994

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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The history and possible causes of forest decline in central Europe, with particular attention to the German situation

Ulrich¹

1995

Environ. Rev.

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The elasticity (nutrient storage, litter decomposition, bioturbation of soil) and diversity of central European forest ecosystems has been reduced by centuries of overutilization. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, their development has been influenced by silvicultural measures, as well as by the deposition of acids and nutrients, especially nitrogen from anthropogenic sources, i.e., by a mixture of stabilizing and destabilizing external intluences. During recent decades, most forest soils have been acidified by acid deposition resulting in low levels of nutrient cations and negative alkalinity in the soil solution. Widespread acute acidification of soil in the rooting zone is indicated by extremely high manganese (Mn) contents in leaves (fingerprint). Soil acidification has caused drastic losses of fine roots in subsoil, indicated by denuded structural root systems where adventitious fine root complexes exist only sporadically. Research at the organ (leaf, fine root, mycorrhiza) and cellular levels has provided much information on the effects of air pollutants and soil acidification on leaves and roots. There are considerable uncertainties, however, as to how changes in the status of leaves or roots are processed within the tree and ecosystem from one level of hierarchy to the next on an increasing spatial and time scale, and how these lead to decline symptoms like crown thinning, stand opening (as a consequence of dieback or perturbations), and changes in species composition (soil biota, ground vegetation, tree regeneration). At the tree level, nutrient imbalances (due to cation losses from soil, changes in the acidlbase status of the soil, proton buffering in leaves, and N deposition), as well as disturbances in the transport system of assimilates and water, are suspected of causing the decline symptoms. Information on the filtering mechanisms at various hierarchical levels, especially in the case of a break in the hierarchy. is missing. The null hypothesis (no effects of air pollutants on forest ecosystems) can be considered to be falsified. Forest ecosystems are in transition. The current state of knowledge is not sufficient to define precisely the final state that will be reached, given continuously changing environmental conditions and human impacts. The hypothesis, however, of large-scale forest dieback in the near future is not backed by data and can be discarded.RCsumC : Au cours de plusieurs siecles d'utilisation excessive, I'elasticitk (accumulation de nutriments, dkcomposition des litieres, perturbation biologique des sols) et la diversite des kcosystkmes forestiers de 1'Europe centrale ont 6te rkduites. Depuis le milieu du 19' siecle, leur diveloppement a it6 intluence par des pratiques sylvicoles ainsi que par les dep6ts d'acides et de nutriments, surtout de I'azote de sources anthropogenes, c.-a-d. par un melange d'influences externes stabilisantes et destabilisantes. Au cours des recentes decades, la plupart des sols forestiers ont it6 acidifies par les dep6ts acides, ce qui a conduit a ...

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Saure atmosphärische Niederschlagsdeposition und ihre Auswirkungen auf die chemische Qualität von Quellwasser im Hessischen Buntsandstein-Mittelgebirge

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Hydrochemical Groundwater Evolution in the Bunter Sandstone Sequence of the Odenwald Mountain Range, Germany: A Laboratory and Field Study

Hydrochemical Groundwater Evolution in the Bunter Sandstone Sequence of the Odenwald Mountain Range, Germany: A Laboratory and Field Study

Importance of forest hydrological ‘benchmark-catchments’ in connection with the forest decline problem in Europe

The history and possible causes of forest decline in central Europe, with particular attention to the German situation

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