Saturation of the Xe iii 109-nm laser using traveling-wave laser-produced-plasma excitation

Sher, M. H.; Macklin, John J.; Young, Jeff F.; Harris, S. E.

doi:10.1364/ol.12.000891

Cited by 65 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This, together with the short amount of time available for population inversion requires using ultrashort pump pulses with a traveling-wave pumping geometry, which provides exact synchronization between the pump pulse and the generated x-ray pulse. Sher et al (Sher et al, 1987) have used grazing incidence excitation for nearly synchronous traveling-wave pumping of an XUV laser at 109 nm wavelength in Xe (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Traveling-wave Excitation Of X-ray Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Tilted-Pulse-Front Excitation

Fülöp¹,

Hebling²

2010

Recent Optical and Photonic Technologies

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Section: Traveling-wave Excitation Of X-ray Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Tilted-Pulse-Front Excitation

Fülöp¹,

Hebling²

2010

Recent Optical and Photonic Technologies

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“…Gains of about exp (7) were first observed in the Xe+ 2 Auger system using a 55 J 1064 nm pump laser [5]. Subsequent optimization of operating parameters [7], and the development of new pumping geometries [8] resulted in an equivalent small signal gain of exp(33), and a saturated ouput energy of one microjoule using a 0.5 J pump laser [9]. Our present system achieves gains of about exp ( 2 5) and output energies of 1 J using a 250 mJ, -100 psec pump pulse, the lowest pump energy reported for saturated output to date.…”

Section: G-044mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of XUV Lasers

Young¹

1993

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SForm Approved AD-A277 173 CUMENTATION PAGEoB No. 07o0o41o8 nal&on~i .&etimated to a~e'age I hour per respo0"e. including the timne for revinnewing infltntJctionsr. tearcninng e..sting date sources. )molettng and revoewing the colilecton of informatiOn. Send comments reardinq this b.urden estimate orny other a•,ea of this reduciong this ourden. to Whaington Headquarter% Services. Directorate for int rmatnOn Operations anotegOrl$. 12IS jeflerson 02. and to the Othce of Management and Sudget. Paperwork teduction ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)The focus of this program is the development of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) lasers and their application to scientific problems. Laser development concentrates on the laboratory-scale lasers near 100 nm. The current application area is the development of very high resolution, microscopic imaging techniques. Such techniques should have a number of applications and be particularly useful in the life sciences. This report presents recent progress on XUV laser development. DTIC IntroductionThis program supported two related types of activities because there was a change of Principal Investigator (PI) during the period. The work of the original PI, Dr. P. J. K. Wisoff, concentrated on the development of short-pulse, blue-green dye laser systems, and their amplification to terawatt levels in a XeF(C --. A) electron-beam pumped, excimer amplifier system. This research, initiated under an earlier AFOSR grant, was very successful and of significant interest to the scientific community, as indicated by the list of publications and presentations in Section XX. Early in the first year of the grant period, Dr. Wisoff left Rice University to join the NASA Astronaut program. Dr. J. F. Young joined the Rice faculty at that time and took over direction of the program. In collaboration with Dr. Wisoff, he continued the existing projects to natural and productive conclusions, while initiating a new, but related, program focused on the development of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) lasers and their application to scientific problems. Laser development concentrated on the laboratory-scale Xe and H 2 lasers near 100 nm. The current application area is the development of very high resolution, microscopic imaging techniques. Such techniques should have a number of applications, and be particularly useful in the life sciences. This report reviews both areas of activities. Named an IBM Graduate Fellow, 1992-1993 Picked for Director Fellowship, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1993. Program Highlights"* The dispersion of optical fibers around 500 nm was measured, and the data used to construct a fiber-prism pulse compressor. This was the first use of this technique in the blue-green spectral region."• A two-stage dye amplifier for blue-green, subpicosecond pulses was designed to supply injection pulses to the XeF(C --+ A) excimer amplifier."* The gain, energy output, saturation, and beam profile of the e-beam excited XeF(C --A) excimer amplifier was measured for various injection pulse lengths. "* Self-focusin...

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“…Experiments by Yin et al 3 showed that comparable gains on this transition could be obtained with less than 1 J of pumping energy. Recently Sher et al 4 used a traveling-wave geometry to obtain a small-signal gain of exp (40) and a saturated output energy of 20 LJ at 109 nm.In this Letter we follow the proposal of Mendelsohn and Harris 5 to obtain gain by selective super CosterKronig decay of photoionization-pumped Zn I. A super Coster-Kronig decay process is a subclass of an Auger process in which the initial hole, the jumping electron, and the departing electron all occupy the same n shell.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in gain at higher pressure is probably due to electron quenching of the upper-level population. In Zn I, the largest photoionization cross section is for the removal of a 3d electron, not a 3p electron.1 4 Thus a large number of electrons are produced that are not involved in creating excited states but that can act to destroy the inversion by processes such as electron deexcitation or ionization of the upper level. In addition to measuring the gain at 127.0, 130.6, and 131.9 nm, we also looked for gain at 130.…”

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Observation of super Coster-Kronig-pumped gain in Zn iii

et al. 1987

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We report the observation of laser gain in the vacuum ultraviolet pumped by super Coster-Kronig decay. Using a 5-J, 300-psec pump pulse of 1064-nm radiation, we have observed gain on transitions in Zn II at 127.0, 130.6, and 131.9 nm with total gains of exp(2.4), exp(5.1), and exp(3.2), respectively. The large branching ratios of the rapid super Coster-Kronig decay into a small number of final levels makes high-efficiency operation possible.The use of selective Auger decay to produce population inversion and gain in the soft-x-ray and ultraviolet spectral regions was proposed by McGuire' in 1975. The first successful experiments were performed by Kapteyn et al. 2 in 1986; in those experiments 55 J of 1064-nm pump energy was used to produce incoherent soft x rays, which photoionized Xe I. These atoms Auger decayed to Xe III to produce a gain of exp (7) at 109 nm. Experiments by Yin et al. 3 showed that comparable gains on this transition could be obtained with less than 1 J of pumping energy. Recently Sher et al. 4 used a traveling-wave geometry to obtain a small-signal gain of exp (40) and a saturated output energy of 20 LJ at 109 nm.In this Letter we follow the proposal of Mendelsohn and Harris 5 to obtain gain by selective super CosterKronig decay of photoionization-pumped Zn I. A super Coster-Kronig decay process is a subclass of an Auger process in which the initial hole, the jumping electron, and the departing electron all occupy the same n shell. As a result, the decay rate is very fast (typically >1015 sec-'), and therefore the process dominates other Auger processes. In particular, the branching ratio to the upper level for the Zn system described here is 27%, while that to the lower laser level is <1%. For the 109-nm Xe system, the Auger decay rates to the upper and lower laser levels are about equal, 6 and an inversion results from the higher degeneracy of the lower level. We have observed gain on transitions in Zn III at 127.0, 130.6, and 131.9 nm with total gains of exp(2.4), exp(5.1), and exp(3.2), respectively.The relevant energy levels of the Zn system are shown in Fig. 1

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Saturation of the Xe iii 109-nm laser using traveling-wave laser-produced-plasma excitation

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Applications of Tilted-Pulse-Front Excitation

Applications of Tilted-Pulse-Front Excitation

Development and Application of XUV Lasers

Observation of super Coster-Kronig-pumped gain in Zn iii

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