Saturation of the filament density of ultrashort intense laser pulses in air

Henin, Stefano; Petit, Yannick; Kasparian, Jérôme; Wolf, Jean‐Pierre; Jochmann, A.; Kraft, Stephan; Bock, Stefan; Schramm, U.; Sauerbrey, R.; Nakaema, Walter M.; Stelmaszczyk, K.; Rohwetter, Philipp; Wöste, L.; Soulez, C.-L.; Mauger, Sarah; Bergé, Luc; Skupin, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s00340-010-3941-x

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This has acquired a form of new research status for potentially utilizing ultrashort laser pulses for cloud seeding [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The observation of the phenomenon in various conditions by several groups is now well established, and some basic processes at play are identified [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The challenges that are being addressed in the current pre-proposal are as follows: a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Cyber-Physical System for Laser-Based Controlled Cloud Seeding

Rai

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: This research encompasses of developing a cyber-physical system, i.e., a system which can control the physical process of cloud formation by utilizing the light detection and ranging technology to modulate its frequency while directed on aerosol cloud to control the movement of cloud, formation, and precipitation in a test-bed setting.Methods: This involves utilization of advanced algorithms, image processing techniques to model cloud behavior, and artificial intelligence to control the laser frequency modulation and pulse count, directed or incidence angle to understand the response between laser effects on aerosol cloud.Results and Discussion: It will enable studying the detailed effects of laser-induced cloud nucleation and also in modeling the cloud behavior with respect to the feedback loop between induced affect through lasers upon the aerosol cloud.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Cyber-Physical System for Laser-Based Controlled Cloud Seeding

Rai

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…This interaction is attractive if the filaments are in phase, and repulsive if they are in antiphase [27,28], corresponding to constructive and destructive interferences in the photon bath, respectively. Previous theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the relative phase between filaments is mainly randomly driven by intensity fluctuations during the collapse [29] and is then stabilized for the filaments propagating after the collapse [30].Recently we showed that at laser powers exceeding 100 TW, this mutual interaction limits the density of filaments in the transverse beam profile [31], resulting in the * corresponding author jean-pierre.wolf@unige.ch rise of the photon bath intensity. As a consequence, the photon bath effectively contributes to non-linear effects like white-light generation [32] or laser-induced condensation [33], resulting in an overall increase of the yield of these processes.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Recently we showed that at laser powers exceeding 100 TW, this mutual interaction limits the density of filaments in the transverse beam profile [31], resulting in the * corresponding author jean-pierre.wolf@unige.ch rise of the photon bath intensity. As a consequence, the photon bath effectively contributes to non-linear effects like white-light generation [32] or laser-induced condensation [33], resulting in an overall increase of the yield of these processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gas-Solid Phase Transition in Laser Multiple Filamentation

et al. 2017

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While propagating in transparent media, near-infrared multi-terawatt (TW) laser beams break up in a multitude of filaments of typically 100-200 um diameter with peak intensities as high as 10 to 100 TW/cm 2 . We observe a phase transition at incident beam intensities of 0.4 TW/cm 2 , where the interaction between filaments induce solid-like 2-dimensional crystals with a 2.7 mm lattice constant, independent of the initial beam diameter. Below 0.4 TW/cm 2 , we evidence a mixed phase state in which some filaments are closely packed in localized clusters, nucleated on inhomogeneities (seeds) in the transverse intensity profile of the beam, and other are sparse with almost no interaction with their neighbors, similar to a gas. This analogy with a thermodynamic gas-solid phase transition is confirmed by calculating the interaction Hamiltonian between neighboring filaments, which takes into account the effect of diffraction, Kerr self-focusing and plasma generation. The shape of the effective potential is close to a Morse potential with an equilibrium bond length close to the observed value.Many physical systems are well described by statistical models driven by nearest-neighbor interactions, such as spin models [1][2][3]. Recently, we showed that the formation of multiple filamentation patterns in high-power ultrashort laser pulses also belong to this category [4,5].Laser filaments are produced in high-power, ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air or other transparent media [6][7][8] by a dynamic balance between Kerr selffocusing, and defocusing by higher-order non-linear effects including the ionization of the medium and other polarization saturation terms [9,10]. At 800 nm, this balance clamps the filaments intensity to typically 50 TW/cm 2 [11,12]. Filaments cannot be considered as virtual optical fibers guiding the light within their core: they continuously interact and exchange energy with the photon bath surrounding them [13][14][15][16]. This photon bath, also known as energy reservoir [13,17,18], plays a key role in the filamentation process. In particular, the photon bath feeds the filament and balances its energy losses, allowing it to self-heal after an obstacle [14][15][16] or extend its propagation distance [19].In the case of multifilamentation, the laser energy reservoir also mediates interactions between neighboring filaments [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. This interaction is attractive if the filaments are in phase, and repulsive if they are in antiphase [27,28], corresponding to constructive and destructive interferences in the photon bath, respectively. Previous theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the relative phase between filaments is mainly randomly driven by intensity fluctuations during the collapse [29] and is then stabilized for the filaments propagating after the collapse [30].Recently we showed that at laser powers exceeding 100 TW, this mutual interaction limits the density of filaments in the transverse beam profile [31], resulting in the * corresponding author jean-pi...

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“…19 From this location, the filamenting beam propagated through an open diffusion chamber (110 Â 40 Â 40 cm inner dimensions) 20 filled with ambient air. The temperature and RH in the chamber were controlled by a heated water reservoir at its top, and a fluid circulator at a temperature of À15 C on its bottom.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…21,22 However, above $500 GW/cm 2 , the effect of the laser increases faster than linearly while the filament number saturates due to spatial constraints. 19 These diverging behaviours evidence a substantial contribution from the photon bath in the highintensity regime. Such contribution of the photon bath to a non-linear process at extreme average incident intensity has indeed been observed in the case of white-light generation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multijoule scaling of laser-induced condensation in air

Petrarca

Henin

Stelmaszczyk

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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Using 100 TW laser pulses, we demonstrate that laser-induced nanometric particle generation in air increases much faster than the beam-averaged incident intensity. This increase is due to a contribution from the photon bath, which adds up with the previously identified one from the filaments and becomes dominant above 550 GW/cm 2 . It appears related to ozone formation via multiphoton dissociation of the oxygen molecules and demonstrates the critical need for further increasing the laser energy in view of macroscopic effects in laser-induced condensation.

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Saturation of the filament density of ultrashort intense laser pulses in air

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Development of Cyber-Physical System for Laser-Based Controlled Cloud Seeding

Development of Cyber-Physical System for Laser-Based Controlled Cloud Seeding

Gas-Solid Phase Transition in Laser Multiple Filamentation

Multijoule scaling of laser-induced condensation in air

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