Saturated multikilovolt x-ray amplification with Xe clusters: single-pulse observation of Xe(L) spectral hole burning

Abstract

Single-pulse measurements of spectral hole burning of Xe(L) 3d → 2p hollow atom transition arrays observed from a self-trapped plasma channel provide new information on the dynamics of saturated amplification in the λ ∼ 2.8-2.9 Å region. The spectral hole burning on transitions in the Xe 34+ and Xe 35+ arrays reaches full suppression of the spontaneous emission and presents a corresponding width hω x ∼ = 60 eV, a value adequate for efficient amplification of multikilovolt x-ray pulses down to a limiting length τ x ∼ 30 as. The depth of the suppression at 2.86 Å indicates that the gain-to-loss ratio is 10. An independent determination of the x-ray pulse energy from damage produced on the surface of a Ti foil in the far field of the source gives a pulse energy of 20-30 µJ, a range that correlates well with the observation of the spectral hole burning and indicates an overall extraction efficiency of ∼10%.

Final report of LDRD project : compact ultrabright multikilovolt x-ray sources for advanced materials studies, 3D nanoimaging, and attosecond x-ray technology.

“…(1) correspond to the pulse width zX e 100 as, we note that the observation [7] of single-pulse spectral hole-burning on the Xe(L) system at h -2.85 A with a width Ah% -60 eV, a value that corresponds to a temporal duration of z , -30 as,…”

“…The recent observation [6,7] of strong amplification on Xe(L) hollow atom transitions in the multikilovolt spectral region (-4400 eV) at h, -2.71-2.93 8, introduces the possibility of extending the generation of such stable highly confined ordered modes of deeply penetrating propagation to x-ray wavelengths in materials at solid density. The importance and abundance of water, in either liquid or solid form, nominate it as a leading system for study.…”

The Nuclear Era of Laser Interactions: New Milestones in the History of Power Compression

“…This range corresponds physically to the development from raw manpower to rapid particle decay. The present status, roughly situated at 10 20 W/cm 3 , is experimentally associated with nuclear explosives, laser-induced nuclear fission [2,3,4], and coherent X-ray amplification [5,6]. An estimated, power density limit that could be achieved by the channeling of multikilovolt X-rays in a high-Z solid, designated as Ωα ∼ 10 30 − 10 31 W/cm 3 , is indicated the practical production of the power densities sufficient for amplification in the γ-ray region associated with nuclear transitions.…”

Big Consequences of Small Changes (Non‐locality and non‐linearity of Hartree‐Fock equations)

“…[8]) observed in studies of multiple photoionization of noble-gas clusters by high intensity laser beam. In this studies a prominent amount of photons with energies of several hundreds eV were found signaling the possibility that vacancies in inner shells were generated during laser-cluster interaction.…”

“…Indeed, the velocity υ in HF is not equal to i∇ . Instead, according to (8), one has in HF approximation…”