Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Abstract

Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. While the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. For example, replacing SFA with whole grains, but not refined carbohydrates, reduces CVD risk. Replacing SFA with protein, especially plant protein, may also reduce CVD risk. While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. As research continues, we will refine our understanding of dietary patterns associated with lower CVD risk.

Effect of age on nutritional properties of Iberian wild red deer meat

“…14 In many countries, public health and regulatory agencies have conducted campaigns to raise awareness about the risks of unhealthy diets, and health organizations have recommended lowering the consumption of SFA and increasing that of PUFA. 15 The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of slaughter age on the FA profile, amino acid content and macro-and www.soci.org JM Lorenzo et al…”

Performance and meat quality of Nellore bulls fed crude glycerin combined with soybean oil

“…But, despite the fact that the ruminant diet is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ruminant productsmeat, milk and dairycontain mainly SFA because of bacterial lipolysis and subsequent biohydrogenation of ingested PUFA in the rumen (Lourenco et al, 2010). The consumption of saturated fats, of which beef is richer than other sources have been reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in humans (Briggs et al, 2017).…”

(Summary of the recommendations for long-term secondary prevention after myocardial infarction)

“…V šestiletém sledování její konzumace byl zjištěn 50% nárůst mortality u nemocných s chronickým onemocněním ledvin, 30% nárůst cévních mozkových příhod, dále zvýšená manifestace hypertenze, dyslipidemie a diabetes mellitus 2. typu (DM2). 27 Společnost pro výživu 26 defi novala základní doporučení pro výživu dospělých osob v souladu s trendy Světové zdravotnické organizace pro výživu takto:…”

“…Tato doporučení by měla být dosažitelná omezením příjmu tuků, zvýšením spotřeby zeleniny, nízkotučných výrobků (mléko s obsahem 1 % tuku, sýry s 20, maximálně 30 % tuku v sušině). 27 Strava s omezením cukrů je defi nována jako příjem 30-130 g cukrů/den. Intervenční studie spočívaly v redukci triglyceridů, a tím zvýšení cholesterolu v lipoproteinech o vysoké hustotě (HDL-cholesterolu, HDL-C).…”