Saturated‐core fault current limiters for AC power systems: Towards reliable, economical and better performance application

Yuan, Jiaxin; Gan, Ping; Zhang, Zhaoyang; Zhou, Huaichun; Wei, Liangliang; Muramatsu, Kazuhiro

doi:10.1049/hve.2019.0049

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The utilization of applied superconductivity within power systems has been an established area of research and application for a significant period of time [1,2]. It is used in superconducting cables [3], superconducting rotating machines [4,5], superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage [6][7][8], superconducting transformers [2,9,10] and even superconducting fault current limiters [11][12][13][14]. Thanks to the extensive research being done in the past, the technology behind these applications is mature and heading towards being commercialized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical observation of arcs in liquid nitrogen

et al. 2023

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Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) has good insulation and arc-quenching properties. It can minimize the switchgear losses to a low level due to its cryogenic nature. Optical observation of LN2-arcs is very important for the future design of the Liquid Nitrogen Insulated metal enclosed Switchgear (LNIS). It would help in determining the spacers sizing, and the clearance distances between the LN2 Switch and the other equipment inside the LNIS system. Until now, no one has ever done the optical analysis of high-luminance arcs in the LN2 environment. The objective of this work was to determine the shape, size and current-density effects of arc plasmas in LN2. One type of electrode geometry and three types of electrode materials were used to study the LN2-arc characteristics. The influence of cryogenic environment on the arcs were thoroughly studied. Results showed that the arcs in LN2 have a direct relationship with the applied voltages, interrupting currents and the magnetic fields. The higher the interrupting current, the larger is the size of the arc. It was also observed that different electrodes materials have different shapes of arc plasmas. Magnetic fields can significantly influence the LN2-arc by increasing its size, patterning its shape and reducing its arcing time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical observation of arcs in liquid nitrogen

et al. 2023

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“…Nevertheless, saturated-core devices create low insertion impedance as well as high transient impedance during fault occurrence by changing the permeability of the core material between saturated and unsaturated states. They are feasible for implementation in high-voltage and high-power applications, with fast-acting dynamics and short recovery times [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Functional Non-Superconducting Saturated-Core Inductor for Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV Systems: Filter and Fault Current Limiter

Ibrahim

Zakzouk

2023

Energies

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Single-stage grid-interfaced PV topologies have challenges with high grid fault currents, despite being more efficient, simpler to implement, and less expensive than two-stage ones. In such systems, a single inverter is required to perform all grid-interface tasks. i.e., maximum power point tracking (MPPT), DC voltage stabilization, and grid current control. This necessitates a hardware-based fault current limitation solution rather than a software-based one to avoid adding to the inverter’s control complexity and to mitigate the implications of PV system tripping. Therefore, in this study, a dual-functional non-superconducting saturated-core inductor-based (SCI) reactor is proposed to be applied at the output of a single-stage PV inverter. It involves two operation modes: a grid pre-fault mode where it filters the line current, hence minimizing its THD, and a grid-fault mode where it acts as a fault current limiter (FCL). Controlling the DC saturation current flowing into its control winding terminals alters the core magnetization of the SCI to vary its impedance between a low value during normal utility operation and a maximal value during faults. Consequently, the system is protected against inverter failures or unnecessary circuit-breaker tripping, which preserves service continuity and reduces system losses. Moreover, compared to existing FCLs, the proposed topology is an appealing candidate in terms of cost, size, reliability, and harmonic filtering ability. The bi-functionality and usefulness of the proposed reactor are confirmed using simulation and experimental results.

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“…In this context, the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has been widely applied with different topologies and scenarios . For example, experiments and simulation researches on the saturated iron-core superconductor fault current limiter (SIC-SFCL) has been performed [4,[26][27][28]. In [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] the authors constructed and tested a 35 kV/90 MVA SIC-SFCL unit in a power substation in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A coupling method of the superconducting devices modeled by finite element method with the lumped parameters electrical circuit

Santos

Martins

Sass

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Superconducting devices have been widely studied over these years. Their application can be found in cables for electric power transmission, energy storage systems, magnetic levitation, electric machines, and fault current limiters. The literature presents some formulations to model the superconductors’ behavior using the finite element method (FEM), such as the H, the AV, and the T formulations, among others. Many superconducting devices have been simulated and designed using some of these formulations. However, none method available offers a coupling between an electric power system, simulated using electrical lumped parameters, to the superconducting FEM model. In this context, this work introduces a methodology for coupling superconducting devices in FEM to lumped parameters composing the power system. Here, a case study with a Saturated Iron Core Superconducting Fault Current Limiter was presented to apply the proposed methodology. This research analyzes the influence of the self and external fields in the superconducting coil on its critical current density. Moreover, it investigates the DC-biased coil voltage drop and the superconducting resistance. Besides, the paper presents the simulations of short circuits for various DC currents applied to the superconducting coil. Short-circuit tests were performed for validating the simulation results, and it showed a maximum error of 15% for the compared points.

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Saturated‐core fault current limiters for AC power systems: Towards reliable, economical and better performance application

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Optical observation of arcs in liquid nitrogen

Optical observation of arcs in liquid nitrogen

Bi-Functional Non-Superconducting Saturated-Core Inductor for Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV Systems: Filter and Fault Current Limiter

A coupling method of the superconducting devices modeled by finite element method with the lumped parameters electrical circuit

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