Satkara (Citrus macroptera) Fruit Protects against Acetaminophen‐Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

Although Citrus macroptera (Rutaceae), an indigenous fruit in Bangladesh, has long been used in folk medicine, however, there is a lack of information concerning its protective effects against oxidative damage. The protective effects of an ethanol extract of Citrus macroptera (EECM) against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were investigated in rats. Rats (treatment groups) were pretreated with EECM at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively, orally for 30 days followed by acetaminophen administration. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as a standard drug over a similar treatment period. Our findings indicated that oral administration of acetaminophen induced severe hepatic and renal injuries associated with oxidative stress, as observed by 2-fold higher lipid peroxidation (TBARS) compared to control. Pretreatment with EECM prior to acetaminophen administration significantly improved all investigated biochemical parameters, that is, transaminase activities, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium and chloride ions, and TBARS levels. These findings were confirmed by histopathological examinations. The improvement was prominent in the group that received 1000 mg/kg EECM. These findings suggested that C. macroptera fruit could protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatonephrotoxicity, which might be via the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline‐induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats

“…reactions Paul et al, 2016). These findings are consistent with the results of Shabana et al (2012) and (Asha et al, 2007).…”

“…Oral treatment with TTC led to a profound increase in the serum SGPT, SGOT, and ALP activities in animals that could be potentially attributed to liver damage and impaired biosynthesis of the enzymes. Altered permeability of cell membranes due to TTC toxicity likely allowed cellular enzymes to leak out from the cytosol of the hepatocyte into the systemic circulation, indicating the drug‐induced necrosis and inflammatory reactions (Hossen et al, ; Paul et al, ). These findings are consistent with the results of Shabana et al () and (Asha et al, ).…”

Protective mechanism of turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) on carbofuran-induced hematological and hepatic toxicities in a rat model

“…Since free radical generation is expected to induce organ toxicities including hepatotoxicity, supplementation with antioxidants may improve tissue capacity to cope with the high antioxidant demands (Samir et al 2000;Tanvir et al 2015a). Therefore, safe and effective natural products that may confer free radical scavenging activities are in global demand as an additional armamentarium against oxidative damage (Paul et al 2016;Tanvir et al 2015b;Yesiloglu & Aydin 2013).…”

Assessment of Toxicity and Beneficiary Effects of Garcinia pedunculata on the Hematological, Biochemical, and Histological Homeostasis in Rats

“…The liver is the largest and most vital organ in animals, as it is involved in the detoxification and elimination of foreign substances [33]. Increased activities of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and LDH in the serum are utilized to determine hepatic dysfunction and are directly implicated in the extent of hepatic damage and toxicity [33, 34].…”

“…Increased activities of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and LDH in the serum are utilized to determine hepatic dysfunction and are directly implicated in the extent of hepatic damage and toxicity [33, 34]. ALT is a hepatocyte cytoplasmic enzyme, and ALP is mostly synthesized by liver.…”