Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize the published literature on the use of telemedicine for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory and/or autoimmune rheumatic disease.
Methods
We performed a registered systematic search (CRD42015025382) for studies using the MEDLINE (1946-August 2015), Embase (1974-August 2015), Web of Science (1900-August 2015), and Scopus (1946-August 2015) databases. We included studies which demonstrated the use of telemedicine for diagnosis and/or management of inflammatory/autoimmune rheumatic disease. Following data extraction, we performed a descriptive analysis.
Results
Our literature search identified 1,468 potentially eligible studies. Of these, 20 reports were ultimately included in this review. Studies varied significantly in publication type, quality of evidence, and the reporting of methods. Most demonstrated a high risk of bias. Rheumatoid arthritis was the most commonly studied rheumatic disease (42% of patients). Studies demonstrated conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of telemedicine (18 found it effective, one found it effective but possibly harmful, and one found it ineffective). A limited number of studies included some component of a cost analysis (n=6, 16% of patients); all of these found telemedicine to be cost-effective.
Conclusion
Studies identified by this systematic review generally found telemedicine to be effective for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic disease; however, there is limited evidence to support this conclusion. Further studies are needed to determine the best uses of telemedicine for the diagnosis and management of these conditions.