Satiety assessment in neonatally handled rats

Silveira, Patrícia Pelufo; Benetti, Carla da Silva; Ayres, Caroline; Pederiva, F. Q.; Portella, André Krumel; Lucion, Aldo Bolten; Dalmaz, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.06.031

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A differential sympathoadrenal function has been reported in these handled animals (17) as well as an increased abdominal fat content in neonatally handled animals, which disagrees with current and previous findings (16). However, differences in rat strains and protocols for neonatal handling may influence these inconsistencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Eighty-three rats were used in the different experiments, derived from 25 different litters. The number of animals used was estimated from previous experiments (9,16), in which neonatally handled rats eat approximately 60% more palatable food than controls. Considering the SD of 0.6 g drawn from these studies, using a significance level of 5%, and power of 80%, we came to the number of cages we had to evaluate consumption.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could Preference for Palatable Foods in Neonatally Handled Rats Alter Metabolic Patterns in Adult Life?

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:Previous studies indicate that, in adulthood, neonatally handled rats consume more sweet food than nonhandled rats. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the chronic exposure to a palatable diet (chocolate) in adult neonatally handled rats. We measured the consumption of foods (standard lab chow and chocolate), body weight gain, abdominal fat deposition, and levels of plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, and corticosterone in adult neonatally handled (10 min/d, first 10 d of life) and nonhandled rats. We found an increased intake of chocolate in handled rats, but this consumption decreased over time. Handled male animals exhibited higher body weight, higher caloric efficiency, and lower triglyceride levels. Nonhandled females that were exposed long-term to the highly caloric diet had increased abdominal fat deposition compared with handled females. Overall female rats had increased abdominal fat deposition, higher total cholesterol and glucose levels, and lower insulin in comparison with males. Interestingly, chocolate consumption diminished the weight of the adrenal glands in both handled and nonhandled animals. These findings suggest that neonatal handling induces a particular metabolic pattern that is sex specific. M other-infant interactions have an important influence on the programming of both behavioral (1,2) and metabolic patterns (2,3) in the offspring, which can last into adulthood. In mammals, the mother is the main environmental stimulus and provider for the infant, and maternal care has profound, long-lasting intergenerational effects in rats (4,5) and humans (6).Some experimental approaches have been developed to study this interaction. One of them is neonatal handling, a brief, repeated, and apparently innocuous separation from the mother in the neonatal period. Neonatal handling modulates the development of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) axis and is associated in adulthood with decreased stress reactivity (7,8) and increased ingestion of palatable food (9).Glucocorticoids are implicated in the development of eating disorders (10,11); they modulate in part the salience of palatable food intake and influence abdominal fat distribution (12).In addition, chronic glucocorticoid exposure is associated with several features of metabolic syndrome (13-15). Because neonatal handling leads to a differential functioning of the HPA axis and also affects feeding behavior, it is possible that these rats may exhibit special adaptations in the face of specific challenges, such as long-term exposure to a hyperpalatable diet.The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a long-term exposure during adulthood to a highly palatable, highly caloric diet (chocolate) in neonatally handled rats. Food consumption, body weight, and abdominal fat distribution were measured. Blood plasma was assayed for glycemia, plasma insulin, lipids, and corticosterone levels. Our hypothesis was that neonatal handling is associated with a differential pattern of feeding and weight gain and possibl...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Preference for Palatable Foods in Neonatally Handled Rats Alter Metabolic Patterns in Adult Life?

et al. 2007

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“…Exposure to a high fat diet further exacerbates the metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in these animals (8). In our previous studies in rats (11,12), we demonstrated that early life experience affects sweet food intake later in life. These findings would indicate that adverse perinatal events in humans could affect an individual's voluntary food choices for palatable foods, influencing the risk for metabolic diseases in adult life.…”

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confidence: 80%

Severe Intrauterine Growth Restriction Is Associated With Higher Spontaneous Carbohydrate Intake in Young Women

Barbieri¹,

Portella

Silveira

et al. 2009

Pediatr Res

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with metabolic disorders in adulthood. In rats, an early adverse environment alters food preferences in adult life. We investigated whether IUGR is associated with spontaneous macronutrient preferences in humans. Two thousand sixty-three participants from a Brazilian birth cohort were evaluated at 24 y of age using a food frequency questionnaire, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical assays (glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides). IUGR was defined by the birth weight ratio (BWR ϭ birth weight/mean weight for gestational age). Individuals were classified as non growth restricted (BWR Ն0.85), moderately growth restricted (0.85 Ͼ BWR Ն 0.75), and severely growth restricted (BWR Ͻ0.75). Severe IUGR women consumed a greater carbohydrate to protein ratio, even after controlling for social variables. There was a continuous association between growth restriction and later carbohydrate to protein ratio consumption in women. Women from both IUGR groups had a larger waist to hip ratio (WHR). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was comparable between the groups. IUGR women preferred carbohydrates to protein in their regular diet, suggesting that spontaneous food choices may precede the appearance and contribute to the risk for metabolic diseases in this group. (Pediatr Res 65: 215-220, 2009) S tudies have shown that low birth weight, a marker for adverse fetal conditions, is associated with metabolic disorders in adulthood, predicting insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (1), hypertension (2), obesity (3) and cardiovascular disease (4), especially in cases where there is evidence of postnatal body weight catch-up during childhood. Thus, feeding patterns and accelerated weight gain during the postnatal period are crucial mediators of the risk for subsequent obesity, cardiovascular disease (5), and insulin resistance (6).The developing organism may use the maternal intrauterine environment's hormonal milieu as a signal to indicate conditions that will exist in the postnatal environment (7) to favor the adaptation to the environment in which it will develop. Therefore, for a fetus reared in a stressful environment with possible shortage of nutrients, metabolic and neurochemical patterns would be adjusted very early during development favoring energy storage for the individual's survival.Studies in animals propose that altered eating and exercise behaviors precede the development of obesity and insulin resistance (8 -10). Exposure to a high fat diet further exacerbates the metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in these animals (8). In our previous studies in rats (11,12), we demonstrated that early life experience affects sweet food intake later in life. These findings would indicate that adverse perinatal events in humans could affect an individual's voluntary food choices for palatable foods, influencing the risk for metabolic diseases in adult life. We tested this hypothesis in a birth cohort followed to adulthood i...

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“…Regarding feeding, neonatally handled rats have a very peculiar pattern of regulation, in which they ingest more palatable food when exposed to it for brief periods, without differences in regular chow consumption (Silveira et al, 2004(Silveira et al, , 2006) and this effect is observed only after puberty (Silveira et al, 2008). Intriguingly, when exposed chronically to palatable food, these animals seem to be less vulnerable to the adverse metabolic effects of such an overload of sugar and fat (Benetti et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The characteristic brief and repeated periods of maternal separation during the first few days of life are associated with a dampened response to acute stress in adulthood (Ader, 1968), as well as altered sexual (Padoin, Cadore, Gomes, Barros, & Lucion, 2001) and feeding behaviors (Silveira et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life handling decreases serotonin turnover in the nucleus accumbens and affects feeding behavior of adult rats

Portella

Silveira

Diehl

et al. 2010

Developmental Psychobiology

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In our previous studies, we reported that neonatally handled rats have an increased ingestion of sweet food but are resistant to the damaging effects of a chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet. Accumbal serotonin (5-HT) is important for feeding behavior and plays a role in the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity. Therefore, our hypotheses were (1) 5-HT turnover in the nucleus accumbens is altered in neonatally handled animals and plays a role in their differential feeding behavior and (2) if this is so, a chronic pharmacological treatment affecting 5-HT reuptake (chronic imipramine) would be able to revert the behavioral findings. Litters were divided into nonhandled and handled (10 min/day, Days 1-10 after birth). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that a decreased 5-HT metabolism in the nucleus accumbens was observed in adult handled animals. In Experiment 2, the two previous groups were subdivided and assigned to receive imipramine diluted in water or water alone. After 30 days of treatment, we evaluated their weight gain and feeding behavior. Handled rats weighed less than nonhandled rats, and all imipramine-treated rats showed a reduction in weight gain after 60 days of treatment. Imipramine reverted the increased sweet food consumption seen in neonatally handled rats. We conclude that serotonin is involved in the altered feeding behavior of neonatally handled rats, and this protocol is an important tool for studying the mechanisms by which early life events have a long-term impact on feeding preferences.

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Satiety assessment in neonatally handled rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Could Preference for Palatable Foods in Neonatally Handled Rats Alter Metabolic Patterns in Adult Life?

Could Preference for Palatable Foods in Neonatally Handled Rats Alter Metabolic Patterns in Adult Life?

Severe Intrauterine Growth Restriction Is Associated With Higher Spontaneous Carbohydrate Intake in Young Women

Early life handling decreases serotonin turnover in the nucleus accumbens and affects feeding behavior of adult rats

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