Satellites, space, time and the African trypanosomiases

Dj, Rogers

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(00)47008-9

Cited by 102 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Such cover is sought for longer in the day under adverse conditions of high temperature and low humidity (Torr and Hargrove, 1999). Satellite images show that vegetation cover and soil moisture are requisites for the maintenance of high fly numbers (Rogers, 2000). Our findings suggest that, in addition to the visual or other stimuli that plants may provide, these flies can actively seek vegetation based on odour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Tsetse flies are attracted to the invasive plant Lantana camara

Syed

Guérin

2004

Journal of Insect Physiology

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In tsetse both sexes feed exclusively on the blood of vertebrates for a few minutes every 2-3 days. Tsetse flies seek cover from high temperatures to conserve energy and plants provide shelter for tsetse in all the biotopes they occupy. Recently, tsetse have taken cover in plantations and under the invasive bush Lantana camara that has invaded large areas of the tsetse fly belt of Africa. Flies from such refugia are implicated in sleeping sickness epidemics. In a wind tunnel we show that both foliage and an extract of volatiles from foliage of L. camara attract three tsetse spp. from different habitats: Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (riverine), G. brevipalpis (sylvatic) and G. pallidipes (savannah).Gas chromatography analysis of volatiles extracted from leaves and flowers of L. camara coupled to electroantennograme recordings show that 1-octen-3-ol and b-caryophyllene are the major chemostimuli for the antennal receptor cells of the three tsetse spp. studied. A binary mixture of these products attracted these flies in the wind tunnel. The gas chromatography linked electroantennograme analysis of the L. camara extracts also show that the antennal receptor cells of the three tsetse spp. respond similarly to groups of volatiles derived from the major biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of plants, i.e. to mono-and sesquiterpenes, to lipoxidation products and to aromatics. Mixtures of these plant volatiles also attracted tsetse in the wind tunnel. These findings show that tsetse flies have conserved a strong sensitivity to volatile secondary products of plants, underlining the fundamental role of vegetation in tsetse survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Tsetse flies are attracted to the invasive plant Lantana camara

Syed

Guérin

2004

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…An alternative approach is to use landscape variables derived from remote sensing satellites as predictors, with or without incorporating the effects of spatial dependence. Pertinent examples include vectors of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (Moncayo et al 2000), tick vectors of Lyme disease (Brownstein et al 2003, Guerra et al 2001, Kitron et al 1996, sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis (Cross et al 1996, Elnaiem et al 2003, Miranda et al 1998, Thomson et al 1999, tse-tse fly vectors of African trypanosomiasis (Kitron et al 1996, Rogers 2000, and mosquito vectors of malaria (Beck et al 1994, Diuk-Wasser et al 2004, Thomson et al 1996, Wood et al 1991a,b, 1992. Of these models, however, only a few have been validated with an independent dataset (Beck et al 1997, Brownstein et al 2004).…”

Section: Introduction Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mosquito Vectors for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, USA

Diuk‐Wasser

Brown

Andreadis

et al. 2006

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

153

142

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The risk of transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to humans is associated with the density of infected vector mosquitoes in a given area. Current technology for estimating vector distribution and abundance is primarily based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap collections, which provide only point data. In order to estimate mosquito abundance in areas not sampled by traps, we developed logistic regression models for five mosquito species implicated as the most likely vectors of WNV in Connecticut. Using data from 32 traps in Fairfield County from 2001 to 2003, the models were developed to predict high and low abundance for every 30 ؋ 30 m pixel in the County. They were then tested with an independent dataset from 16 traps in adjacent New Haven County. Environmental predictors of abundance were extracted from remotely sensed data. The best predictive models included non-forested areas for Culex pipiens, surface water and distance to estuaries for Cx. salinarius, surface water and grasslands/agriculture for Aedes vexans and seasonal difference in the normalized difference vegetation index and distance to palustrine habitats for Culiseta melanura. No significant predictors were found for Cx. restuans. The sensitivity of the models ranged from 75% to 87.5% and the specificity from 75% to 93.8%. In New Haven County, the models correctly classified 81.3% of the traps for Cx. pipiens, 75.0% for Cx. salinarius, 62.5% for Ae. vexans, and 75.0% for Cs. melanura. Continuous surface maps of habitat suitability were generated for each species for both counties, which could contribute to future surveillance and intervention activities.

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“…For instance, a large number of studies have been achieved on the distribution of trypanosomiasis in Africa, some on a multiscale basis (e.g. Rogers, 2000;Hendrickx et al, 2001;de La Rocque et al, 2005) and this has led to management recommendations . GIS and satellite imagery have also been used for studying, among others, malaria (Hay et al, 1998;Malone et al, 2006;Rogers, 2002), Triatoma infestans, the vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Cecere et al, 2004), American visceral leishmaniasis (Bavia et al, 2005), Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis (Cross et al, 1996), Biomphalaria spp., the snail-host of Schistosoma spp.…”

Section: Th Emop August 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary studies, systems approaches and parasite eco-epidemiology: something old, something new

et al. 2008

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Summary :Parasite requires an understanding of complex transmission systems where individual, population and environmental factors and their interactions can hardly been considered separately. Moreover, the importance of space and time in host population and parasite transmission processes is increasingly recognised. The present review illustrates how epidemiology and transmission ecology have evolved in a multidisciplinary framework to a systems approach that includes both spatial and temporal dimensions. Focusing on population processes, three significant challenges are discussed: (i) integration of landscape ecology concepts and modelling across time-space scales, (ii) development of molecular methods that permits easy parasite/host identification and process tracking (e.g. host and parasite movements), and (iii) integration of sociology methods to estimate zoonotic risk and exposure. time and space require that transmission studies focus also on the "meeting" screen. Understanding how a parasite passes the "meeting" screen involves various fields of ecology: landscape and community ecology, population dynamics (with important modelling components), ethology and ecophysiology. It should also involve sociology as long as human parasites are concerned. Thus, several fields of science are obviously required at each level of organisation. Moreover, to understand parasite transmission in the real world means to understand a complex transmission system where individual, population and environmental factors can hardly be considered separately (Sholthof, 2007). Although many fields of science contribute to parasitology, the number of articles addressing the complexity of transmission systems in itself and syntheses on this subject is relatively low compared to more specialised issues of parasitology. Furthermore, even fewer addressing complexity are based on multidisciplinary studies. For instance, a query of the Scopus data base on parasite/parasitology identifies 497 articles also indexed on complexity from 1973 to 2006 while only 66 were indexed on multidisciplinary over the same period. In both cases 50 % of them were U nderstanding parasite transmission requires knowledge of the ecological conditions that regulate their population dynamics. This transmission concerns both parasite life cycles and human exposure, especially for zoonotic species, and presents the challenge of understanding the complexity of a life-cycle with a systems approach which must address multiple levels of biological organisation. Euzet and Combes popularized the concept of meeting and compatibility "filters" (or 'screens') to symbolise the mechanisms responsible for sustainable transmission of a parasite (Combes, 2001). The "compatibility" screen relates to host recognition by the parasite and host resistance/susceptibility and is generally studied at cellular, individual and population levels. The "meeting" screen relates to parasite-host encounters at the organism level and is studied in terms of population distributions, dispersion a...

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Satellites, space, time and the African trypanosomiases

Cited by 102 publications

References 53 publications

Tsetse flies are attracted to the invasive plant Lantana camara

Tsetse flies are attracted to the invasive plant Lantana camara

Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mosquito Vectors for West Nile Virus in Connecticut, USA

Multidisciplinary studies, systems approaches and parasite eco-epidemiology: something old, something new

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